The Civilization Of The Egyptians - 1464 Words

The civilization of the Egyptians was accomplished by its surroundings. The Nile always flooded among the spring time every year. The flood would leave tons of fertile silt. The Sahara Desert also surrounded Egypt, but with the Nile it was a great place to live in. With it Egypt grew a lot of manpower and acquired a surplus to trade and to devote to other matters. Nature had also created a vast fortress wall that protected them from hostile neighbors. They all spoke a common language and shared religious beliefs. They made a palette for the gods that was two feet and it told the unification of Egypt. Narmer was the first one to unify Egypt and it was kept that way for 3,000 years. They had a belief that their pharaoh would be resurrected in another world and made huge tombs for them with necessities inside with their dead body. There are nine eras of Egyptian history, they are called: Predynastic early Dynastic, Old Kingdoms, First Intermediate Period, New Kingdoms, Late Period, and Ptolemaic Period. One Egyptians ruler, named Khufu, created the largest tombs and pyramids. This earned the Pyramid age nickname for the Old Kingdom, First Intermediate Period New Kingdom, Late Period, and Ptolemaic Period. One Egyptian ruler, named Khufu, created the largest kingdom. Hisson Khafra made the famous Sphinx, it’s face looked like a lion and was a man. Menkauru was also going to make a huge pyramid, but died in his twenty eight term leaving it incomplete. The next dynastyShow MoreRelatedEgyptian Civilization And The Egyptian Empire1614 Words   |  7 Pagesempress. Throughout time, different empires and civilizations arose and fell. Some of them started small and then grew bigger, others arose after a long fall, but all had the dream of gaining more power by expansion and leaving a legacy behind. One of the greatest civilization that arose in the history of the world is the Egyptian empire. Egyptian Civilization has contributed plenty to the world civiliz ation and use most of its contributions today. Egyptian Empire started with the reign of Egypt’s firstRead MoreEgyptian Civilization And Greek Civilization889 Words   |  4 Pagesbirth of civilizations. There were many ancient civilizations in the world like, India civilization, Chinese civilization, Middle East civilization, Mesopotamian civilization, Egyptian civilization, Greek civilization, Roman civilization and others which greatly contributed to the development of the world history. Each civilization had their own way to follow culture, religions, public life, economic life, and others. Therefore, in this paper, I will describe how Indian civilization, Egyptian civilizationRead MoreAncient Civilizations And The Egyptian Civilization1403 Words   |  6 Pageswith the belief that ancient civilizations who were in constant contact with conflict and war could develop a more advanced system of law, bureaucracy, and market prices. By that logic, Mesopotamia would have b een far more advanced than Egypt. For example, Mesopotamia frequented attacks from barbarians because of the lay of the land. They also had trouble controlling war between centers of industry due to the inevitable struggle with the course of the river. On the Egyptian side, the high levels of landRead MoreThe Egyptian Civilization Essay1951 Words   |  8 PagesChapter 1 Janetta Rebold Benton from Pace University in New York describes the earlier civilizations of man from various regions that are well known for developments. She talks about ancient civilizations in Egypt, as well as the famous Greece and Rome. She talks about the background of human beings such as the Homo sapiens from Africa and Neanderthal Homo erectus from Europe. She also provides insight for the Paleolithic period which corresponded to the Ice Age as well as the Neolithic period whichRead MoreDifferences Between Egyptian And Egyptian Civilization Essay861 Words   |  4 Pages Egyptians: A country in North Africa, along the Mediterranean Sea, and is among the grandeur of Egyptian culture which influenced many ancient civilizations. Small agrarian communities became the first medical texts describing the treatment of over 200 different diseases around 1500 BCE. Stability was a hallmark of Egyptian culture. Given the duration of Egyptian civilizations, there were surprisingly few basic changes in styles and beliefs. Egyptian emphasis on stability was reflected in theirRead MoreEgypt : The Egyptian Civilization920 Words   |  4 PagesEgypt was never like that today. This essay well talk about the development of Egyptian civilization by explaining the prehistory of Egypt and identifying three cultural developments or political events that were important to the rise of Egyptian civilization. Also, explaining what happened and why it was important or significant to the rise of Egypt. Egypt is known to be one of the longest lasted civilization in the world. It is located in the Nile Valley, in the north east of Africa. ItsRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Civilization And The Egyptian Pyramids1405 Words   |  6 Pages The Ancient Egyptian civilization was one that lasted nearly thirty centuries, from around 3100 B.C. to 332 B.C. This is an impressive feat for any society to be able to conquer. In these thousands of years, the Pharaohs and their people were able to build structures of massive scale that rival the buildings built in the 21st century. The Egyptian Pyramids were not only massive, but they had extremely precise measurements that make them unfathomably impressive to anyone who understands the exactnessRead MoreThe Egyptian And Mesopotamian Civilizations1468 Words   |  6 Pages The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations were both one of the oldest civilizations in the world. They are considered by most scholarly historians and writers as t he cradles of human civilizations. In these two geographical areas, the earliest cities in the world history appeared. As civilizations contemporary to each other, Egypt and Mesopotamia present several similarities and contrasts. Egypt was an ancient civilization in Northeastern Africa concentrated along the Nile river. It wasRead MoreAncient Egyptian Civilization : Ancient Civilization930 Words   |  4 PagesThe ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest known civilizations in history. It is believed that the ancient Egyptian civilization, based in eastern North Africa, started around 3150 B.C., and survived until 31 B.C. In this ancient civilization, art was considered to be magical. Whether in the form of painting, sculpture, carving or script, art held the power to maintain universal order and grant immortal life by appealing to various gods to act on behalf of people, both in life and inRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Civilization1692 Words   |  7 Pages The ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Over a period of three thousand years many kingdoms and dynasties came into power and many died away into oblivion. One thing that kept Egyptian’s works and memories alive were the scriptures they wrote. Today, from these scriptures written on the wall (or on papyrus) have helped Egyptologists to uncover the secrets and the lives of the ancient Egyptians. A major understanding we have from these scriptures and other

Changes in Prisons Free Essays

Changes in Prisons BY Logrolling Changes in Prison The American Correction system has been in existence for over 130 years. It has been since the meeting of American Prison Congress on 1870 in Cincinnati, Ohio. (Allen, Latest Ponder, 2013, p 30-31) The reformation was totally encompassing the inmate’s life in prison. We will write a custom essay sample on Changes in Prisons or any similar topic only for you Order Now The minds that met in 1870 were ahead of their times. With having put accountability and standards in the prison system created an improvement for the prisoner and the term he/she served. The beginnings were in Philadelphia at the Old Stone Jails on Third and Market Streets. Its purpose was to hold debtors, and others awaiting trial. It has come a long way from the origins of the first Jails of the American Revolutionary however faltering in different fashions. The Jails were inadequate facilities. Inmates were lumped together male and female. A new Jail was erected in Walnut Street. This new Jail became the first state prison in Pennsylvania. The state prison had created separate cells for the various inmates. It also instilled different punishment in accordance with the crime. Walnut Street prison had implemented new workshops to educated prisoners with useful employment. Nonstop, Ph. D. , 2012) Walnut Street prison set up was the ideal make up for the moment. The state prison was the foundation for many more prisons to be built in the same fashion. Because of the rapidly growing population, a new Jail was begun in 1773 on Walnut Street, behind the State House (later, Independence Hall). The new prison had the traditional layout of large rooms for the inmates. Initially, conditions were little better than they had been at the old Jail. Prisoners awaiting trial might barter their clothes for liquor or be forcibly stripped upon entering by other inmates seeking funds for the bar. The result was great suffering when the weather turned cold. One estimate stated that 20 gallons of spirits were brought into the prison daily by the Jailer for sale to the inmates. It was also considered a common practice for certain women to arrange to get arrested to gain access to the male prisoners. After the peace of 1783, a group of prominent citizens led by Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush and others organized a movement to reform the harsh penal code of 1718. The new law substituted public labor for the previous severe punishments. Members of the Society were shocked by what they learned about the new Walnut Street prison. The next year they presented to the state legislature an explanation of their investigations of the conditions. They recommended solitary confinement at hard labor as a remedy and reformative strategy. An act of 1790 brought about sweeping reforms in the prison and authorized a penitentiary house with 16 cells to be built in the yard of the Jail to carry out solitary confinement with labor for â€Å"hardened atrocious offenders. Walnut Street Jail, by the same legislation, became the first state prison in Pennsylvania. Following 1790, the Walnut Street Jail became a showplace, with separation of different sorts of prisoners and workshops providing useful trade instruction. The old abuses and idleness seemed eliminated, but with Walnut Street now a state prison and the population of Philadelphia increasing rapidly, it, like its previous Jail, became unbearably crowded. The large rooms, 18 feet square, which still housed most of the prisoners, by 1795, had between 30 and 40 occupants each. The Prison Society continued to urge the creation of large penitentiaries for the more efficient handling of prisoners. The reformers also remained convinced that in spite of the small-scale isolation cellulose at Walnut Street, that site would never prove the value of the system of separate incarceration which came to be called the Pennsylvania System. Only an entire larger structure, built specifically to separate inmates from one another, would be needed. Legislation was finally passed on March 20, 1821, and eleven commissioners were appointed by the governor. Among them was Samuel Wood, later to be the first warden of the prison. All but three of the building commissioners were either members of the Pennsylvania Prison Society or had revered on the board of inspectors of the Walnut Street Jail. Members of the Prison Society felt that the solution to the disorder and corruption in most prisons and even at the Walnut Street Jail lay in complete separation of each inmate for his or her entire sentence, a system which had been tried occasionally in England but was always abandoned because of costs and inadequate prison structures. The small â€Å"penitentiary house† of 16 cells at Walnut Street Jail had ended up being used mostly for hard core prisoners and as punishment for infractions of prison rules. What was deed was a solely new kind of prison on a large scale. In 1822, work began on what was to become Eastern State Penitentiary, although at the time it was called Cherry Hill because it moved a cherry orchard. Despite not being finished, the prison opened in 1829. Completed in 1836, it turned out to be one of the largest structures in the country at the time and was higher than preliminary cost estimates. Each prisoner was to be provided with a cell from which they would rarely leave and each cell had to be large enough to be a workplace and have attached a small individual exercise yard. Cutting edge technology of the asses and asses was used to install conveniences unmatched in other public buildings: central heating (before the U. S. Capitol); a flush toilet in each cell (long before the White House was provided with such conveniences); shower baths (apparently the first in the country). The system of 24-hour separation of each prisoner coupled with in-cell feeding, work and sometimes vocational instruction, came to be known as the Pennsylvania System or Separate System, and remained the official position of the Pennsylvania Prison Society throughout the 19th century, although the system and its unusual architecture -? a central hub and baking celluloses -? were seldom imitated in other states. How to cite Changes in Prisons, Papers

Modern of Modern Computing

Question: Describe why Actor Network Theory is a relevant theory for studying computing. Name and categorise the actants in your stories. Describe how they are acting upon other actants in the assemblage. Include the connection between the hardware and software actants, as well as other categories of actants. Discuss how the actions of the software actants can enhance management functions within the computing news stories. How can you link your analysis to some of the larger issues/questions raised due to the constant use of computing within modern society. Discuss some of advantages/disadvantages of contemporary computing. To achieve this, compare and contrast the viewpoints of a range of theorists and critics explored throughout the module. Conclude by summarising how your answers relate to the statement Within modern computing, every actant acts on or is acted upon by at least one other actant, in order to fulfil the aims of the assemblage. Answer: Introduction Within the scenario of modern of modern computing, the actants are dependent on each other to achieve the final product. This following quote has explained the article. The article explains the various terms like actants, relation between them and the reason behind the dependency and the way the accountants are bound to achieve the end product or assigned goal. It also highlights the concepts that the company goal cant be achieved without the entities. This article explains the following term: Greater the number of knowledge sharing entities better is the result. It has given the explanation of various terms and quotes by relating them with the recent computing stories. No doubt it is a time-consuming process as it requires a lot of time, money and cost, but on the other hand it is the best source for studying the computing. It also focuses on the way or the methods used for establishing the connections using ANT. This theory is one of the best resources for explanatory researchers. ANT-Actor Network Theory Actor Network Theory defines the term Powerful in a different way: Powerful are those who define the things in a practical manner and define the things is that bind everyone together. ANT is a method which defines that when two or more entities are combined, it leads to a creation of new entities. It means the new entity is a single entity, and it is a combination of various other entities. E.g. consider the example of Home (new entity). It is created by a group of people like builders, raw material, etc. In this way, by the help of living and non-living things a new entity is created. These various entities are dependent upon each other to achieve the single entity (goal). According to ANT theory, the objects are related to social networking. It also focuses on the way or the methods used for establishing the connections. It is the best theory where ever explanatory research is required. There are various domains related to ANT: Actor Actor word is not limited to a network of different people. It is also related to non-humans entities. The group of different entities works together to achieve a goal and the various entities are dependent on each other to achieve the goal, or other new entity. In case of IT companies: the employees of the company, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are actively as actors. The company goal cant be achieved without these entities (Sangani, 2015). Network It defines the bonding or relationships between the actors. The different actors are related to each other through a social or logical network. In case of IT companies, the employees access the same database using a network, and they also communicate with each other through the internet. Black Box It is a box which sealed the different entities to achieve a single entity. In a case of IT companies, the employees of the company, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are bound to each other through a network, and the aim is to achieve a new entity. This company (IT Company) is a black box. In other terms, it's a room in which all actors are placed and connected to achieve something. Intermediate It provides the missing link between different entities. It is a source of communication for a different level of employees. Retrieved from: https://www.google.co.in/search?q=actor+network+theorybiw=931bih=400source=lnmstbm=ischsa=Xved=0ahUKEwiNwZTiiuvLAhUICI4KHbe-CgkQ_AUICCgD It is the best source for studying computing: The Apple Company has recently launched a new iPhone SE. In Apple Company, the employees of the company, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are bound to each other through a network, and the aim is to achieve a new entity i.e. iPhone SE. It is a conceptual tool for solving various IT issues. It helps in solving complex problems. It helps in knowledge sharing at larger distances. The actors of different companies, i.e. actors of different location can work with each other to achieve a goal (Weinman, 2016). But on the contrary part, it is a time-consuming process as it requires a lot of time, money and cost. Computing News Story 1: The MIT has developed a new system that can load web pages thirty-four percent much faster than any other browser. (9 March, 2016). Source: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/polaris-mit-program-system-faster-webpage-website-page-loading-science-a6921521.html MIT is a Massachusetts Institute of Technology and it has developed a new system that can load web pages thirty-four percent much faster than any other browser. The various computer scientists have made this system. Many companies have faced this issue that on loading multiple pages, an error message is shown that the website page is not responding. This system helps in removing such kind of problems. The concepts use behind the system is that it reduces the loading time of the page. Actants: These are various living and non-living entities that help in the creation of another new entity. Massachusetts Institute of Technology consists of various computer scientists, a researcher team, Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. These are actants. The different tasks are divided into further different small tasks, and different tasks are assigned to different employees according to their skills and level of seniority and they all work together by sharing their knowledge and skills, achieve an end product (as in this case the end product is the development of a system that helps in loading of pages at a higher rate or speed).The employees from different culture are sharing their knowledge and skills to achieve the goal. (Sangani, 2015). Network: It is a source of connecting the living and non-living to achieve the assigned entity. The various computer scientists, a researcher team, Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are connected with each other with the help of a network. The size of the network and actants depends upon each other. Black Box: MIT is a black box. It consist of a researcher team, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), various computer scientists, Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, and software (programs, various other applications) etc. The intermediate helps in providing the missing links between various entities (Bolton, 2016). Retrieved from: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/polaris-mit-program-system-faster-webpage-website-page-loading-science-a6921521.html Computing News Story 2: The Microsoft has introduced a new system for a business called bots. (30 March, 2016) Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35927651 This system consists of social bots that can chat with different users. This system helps in representing the business and also interacting with the users (by the help of Skype). It is a combination of technology and intelligence. Actants: These are groups of different entities or actors that work together to achieve a goal and the various entities are dependent on each other to achieve the goal, or other new entity. Satya Nadella (Chief Executive in Microsoft), Lilian Rincon (Program Manager in Skype), employees of Microsoft, Hardwares (microphones), softwares (Skype) and other applications etc. all are actants. They all are connected and dependent on each other to achieve the final product. Network: The employees of the Microsoft, hardware, software and various other applications are linked with each other through a network. The Microsoft has branches at various locations so employees from different culture are working here. Black Box: It is a box which binds the different entities to achieve a single entity. The Microsoft Company is a black box which binds the employees of Microsoft, Hardwares (microphones), softwares (Skype) (David Strang, 2012) and other applications, etc. through a network (to achieve an end product). The employees access the same database using a network, and they also communicate with each other through the internet. The size of the network and actants depends upon each other. The increase or decrease in the size of factor influence the size of other factor and both are directly proportional to each other. In other words, the various entities are dependent upon each other to achieve the single entity (goal). The tasks are divided into modules, and they are assigned to different employees, and they depend upon each other to achieve a final module i.e. the end or the final product. The intermediate provides a source of communication between different levels of employees. The higher level employees and lower level employees communicate with each other with the help of intermediates (the HR department and Team leaders). Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35927651 Conclusion ANT defines that the different actors bind with each other to achieve an end product. The various entities are dependent upon each other to achieve the single entity. They all are connected with each other through a network. The size of the network and actants depends upon each other. The increase or decrease in the size of factor influence the size of other factor and both are directly proportional to each other. The different tasks are divided into further different small tasks, and different tasks are assigned to different employees according to their skills, and level of seniority, and they all work together by sharing their knowledge and skills, achieve an end product. Black Box is used for sealing the different entities to achieve a single entity. It helps in solving complex problems. In various organizations, the employees of the organizations, hardware (computer, printer, keyboard, etc.), and software (programs, various other applications), etc. are bound to each other throug h a network, and the aim is to achieve a new entity. It requires a lot of affords and money. References Bayraktaroglu, E., King, C., Liu, X., Noubir, G., Rajaraman, R. and Thapa, B. (2011). Performance of IEEE 802.11 under Jamming. Mobile Networks and Applications, 18(5), pp.678-696. BBC News. (2016). Build 2016: Microsoft proposes helper bot boom - BBC News. [online] Bolton, D. (2016). A new MIT-developed system could make webpages load 34 per cent faster. [online] The Independent. Cong Vinh, P. (2015). Algebraically Autonomic Computing. Mobile Networks and Applications. David Strang, K. (2012). Skype Synchronous Interaction Effectiveness in a Quantitative Management Science Course. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 10(1), pp.3-23. IEEE Cloud Computing Call for Papers. (2014). IEEE Cloud Comput., 1(4), pp.77-77. IEEE Cloud Computing Special Issue on Cloud Security. (2015). IEEE Cloud Comput., 2(5), pp.c2-c2. Inside front cover. (2015). Journal of Communications and Networks, 17(1), pp.c2-c2. King, I., Rojas, R. and Dubitzky, W. (2013). Book reviews. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 14(4), pp.968-970. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2012). Sci Am, 14(14), pp.209-209. Microsoft Research Ad. (2013). Computer, 41(6), pp.c2-c2. Microsoft Pillar Room Microsoft Forefront Security Academy 2014. (2014). Infosecurity, 4(2), p.25. Moetesum, M., Hadi, F., Imran, M., Minhas, A. and Vasilakos, A. (2015). An adaptive and efficient buffer management scheme for resource-constrained delay tolerant networks. Wireless Netw. Sangani, K. (2015). Disruptive technology - CommsMakers: Skype Technologies. Communications Engineer, 3(6), pp.30-33. Skype outage raises P2P fears. (2012). New Scientist, 195(2618), p.25. Special issue on computing with words. (2013). IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 19(8), pp.1500-1500. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2014). Nature, 49(1253), pp.20-22. Weinman, J. (2016). Hybrid Cloud Economics. IEEE Cloud Comput., 3(1), pp.18-22.

Nuclear Independence Day Essays (1491 words) - Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Independence Day Nuclear Independence Day Since July 16th, 1945 the first A-bomb was discover until today, unclear weapon are playing a major part of the 20th century's most reliable military defense system. Throughout the past five decades or so, many strong military nations like United State, Soviet Union (USSR), China, France, England . . . seems very interesting to invest nuclear weapon than any other military weapon. It seems like a country without nuclear weapon wills no longer deserves the title of Great Power! A country is defenseless without nuclear protection. Over the last 50 years, nuclear weapons were developed that dwarfed the 1945 bombs in destructiveness, and major military powers stocked their arsenals with these arms. Every year the world spends 3,500 trillion dollars to restock their nuclear weapon power. Every year the world spends half trillion dollar to protect the weapon from unnecessarily exploration and stolen . . . From 1992-1996 total of 79 nuclear emergency research was recalled to NEST (Nuclear E mergency Search Team) for help. Term like ?Broken Arrow?, ?Red Six? and ? Landlord Access Red? are becoming the most common nuclear weapon warning recall used in NEST and NASA . . . The explosive power of a nuclear weapon comes from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion, or both--in the case of the HYDROGEN BOMB. A typical small nuclear weapon has the explosive yield of tens of thousands of tons (kilotons) of the conventional explosive TNT; a large nuclear weapon might have the yield of a million tons (megatons) of TNT or more. A single nuclear weapon can kill hundreds of thousands of people, and when carried on a ballistic missile, can travel intercontinental distances in less than half an hour. The deployment of tens of thousands of these weapons, primarily by the United States and the Soviet Union, has threatened annihilation with little or no warning. The devastating effects of nuclear weapons, however, may actually have deterred their use. Strategic (long-range) nuclear weapons include land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and the bombs and cruise missiles carried on long-range bombers. Many strat egic ballistic missiles carry multiple warheads, called MIRVed missiles. Tactical nuclear weapons are shorter-range weapons allocated for regional use or for use in support of battlefield operations. France, Great Britain, and China each have small but significant nuclear arsenals, which include both strategic and tactical nuclear weapons. Israel is reported to have about 100 nuclear weapons. Other countries--India, South Africa, and Pakistan-- have the capability to make nuclear weapons. Iraq, Iran, and North Korea reportedly have made efforts to develop nuclear weapons. . . During the end of World War II, in November 1945 President Harry S. Truman decided to allow the bombs to be dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki because, he said, he believed they might save thousands of American lives. For maximum psychological impact, they were used in quick succession, one over Hiroshima on August 6, and the other over Nagasaki on August 9. These cities had not previously been bombed, and thus the bombs' damage could be accurately assessed. U.S. estimates put the number killed in Hiroshima at 66,000 to 78,000 and in Nagasaki at 49,000. Japanese estimates gave a combined total of 240,000. In 1960 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev launched plans to supply Cuba with medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that would put the eastern United States within range of nuclear missile attack. Khrushchev mistakenly assumed that the United States would take no action and when questioned denied that any missiles were being supplied to Cuba. By the summer of 1962, U.S. spy planes flying over Cuba had photographed Soviet-managed construction work and spotted the first ballistic missile on October 14. U.S. president John F. Kennedy consulted secretly with advisers, discussing options: invasion, air strikes, a blockade, or diplomacy. On October 22, Kennedy announced a naval blockade to prevent the arrival of more missiles. He demanded that the USSR dismantle and remove the weapons and declared a quarantine zone around Cuba, within which U.S. naval forces would intercept and inspect ships to determine whether they were carrying weapons. The United States was supported by other members of the Organization of American States. For several tense days Soviet vessels en route

Women Judges essays

Women Judges essays The article, Will Women Judges Really Make a Difference?, is an analysis on a major characteristic of the judging profession. Appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada, Madame Justice Bertha Wilson investigates the validity of the claim that judges must be unbiased when deciding cases before the court. Madame Wilson states that change in the law comes slowly and incrementally; that is its nature. Describing that she has began an era being a woman appointed to the SCC, Madame Wilson begins to examine the fact that the biases presented by courts world-wide may be significantly different from hers. The article points out that it is the values, experiences, and assumptions imbedded in the courts which create the jurisprudence that affect the decisions, further altering society. Wilson continues in her analysis by stating that the belief that the justice system is fundamentally neutral may be slightly skewed. Though the principals at the root of the justice system are inherently neutral, many beliefs and viewpoints of women are excluded, creating biased in the laws. She continues to develop the concept that with women in judiciary office, their concepts will only offset those of their male counterparts if biases are apparent in the courts. To solve the problem of gender bias gaps, Mad ame Justice states that education programs will be held to help reach an understanding and vanquish any problems before they arise. Madame Justice Wilson also says that many feminists feel that women are connected to each other, thus, with female judges, the courts will more effectively manage disputes, and promote gender neutrality. Madame Wilson concludes her argument by posing statements that with duality in courts, the law system may finally achieve the neutral duality which it attempts to maintain. The only problems with the article are those that Madame Justice Wilson posed, being that the judicial system may not be neutral....

Astrazeneca Branch In Bulgaria Essay Research Paper

Astrazeneca Branch In Bulgaria Essay, Research Paper Managerial Communications and Research Methods Communication Feasibility Report AstraZeneca Branch in Bulgaria Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary. 32. Our end 43. AstraZeneca..54. Bulgaria # 8211 ; Basic Facts # 8230 ; 65. Britain # 8211 ; Bulgaria # 8211 ; cultural comparing # 8230 ; 86. Recommendations for get the better ofing the differences 107. Mentions..15I. Executive SummaryThe British company AstraZeneca plans to open a representative subdivision in Bulgaria. This paper is a research about the state and cultural, and communicating manners of the Bulgarians. It points out differences between British and Bulgarian civilization and communicating manners. The troubles that may happen because of these differences are in three chief countries of communicating # 8211 ; communicating with: 1/ the clients, 2/ the Governmental Institutions and 3/ the employees. We recommend the undermentioned scheme for get the better ofing them. First, the job with the fact that the clients are hapless and our medical specialties are expensive will be overcome with a strong selling scheme. Next, a particular Project Team will take attention of the communications with the Governmental Institutions. Last, the problems that may happen between the Bulgarian employees ( directors ) and the UK Headquarters will be resolved by training.II. Our GoalWe are a British pharmaceutical company that has subdivisions and representative offices in many states around the universe. Our end is to open a representative subdivision in Bulgaria in order to sell our medical specialties on that market. We will happen more about the state and its civilization in order to place possible troubles in the communicating, generate options and happen solutions how our venture can be successful.III. AstraZenecaAstraZeneca, one of the universe s taking pharmaceutical companies, was formed in April 1999 through the amalgamation of Astra AB, Sweden, and Zeneca Group PLC, UK. AstraZeneca aims to turn from its familial place, edifice on the best from both of the amalgamation spouses. It is universe figure three in ethical pharmaceuticals.The corporate central offices are in London. AstraZeneca has a extremely exper ienced Board and Executive Management Team. The Chief Executive and his Executive Team run the company. The Chief Executive is responsible to the full AstraZeneca Board for the running of the Group. The company has more than 50,000 employees worldwide. We believe passionately in invention, people, partnerships, and duties. AstraZeneca has a strong research base and powerful merchandise portfolio, designed to contend disease in seven countries of existent medical demand malignant neoplastic disease, cardiovascular, cardinal nervous system, GI, infection, hurting control and anaesthesia, and respiratory.AstraZeneca supports a broad scope of charitable, educational and environmental enterprises at an international and local level.With worldwide presence and production installations in 20 states, AstraZeneca s relationships with the communities in which we operate are cardinal to our success. IV. Bulgaria # 8211 ; Basic Facts HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: A Slavic province, Bulgaria achieved independency in 1878 after 500 old ages of Ottoman regulation. Bulgaria fought on the losing side in both World Wars. After World War II it fell within the Soviet domain of influence. Communist domination ended in 1991 with the disintegration of the USSR, and Bulgaria began the combative procedure of traveling toward political democracy and a market economic system. In add-on to the jobs of structural economic reform, peculiarly denationalization, Bulgaria faces the serious issues of maintaining rising prices under control and unemployment, battling corruptness, and controling black-market and mafia-style crime.LOCATION: Located on the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria extends from the western shore of the Black Sea to Yugoslavia and Macedonia in the West. In the North, the Danube River forms the greater portion of Bulgaria # 8217 ; s common boundary line with Romania. Greece and European Turkey prevarication to the South and sou-east of Bulgaria.AREA: 110,987-sq. kilometer. ( 44,365-sq. mi. ) . Population: 8,290,988 ( July 1997 est. ) . Capital: Sofia ( dad. 1,114,759 ) . Chief Town: Plovdiv ( dad. 377,637 ) , Varna ( dad. 297,090 ) , Bourgas ( dad. 188,367 ) , and Rousse ( dad. 185,425 ) .ADMINISTRATIVE Organization: 28 territories. Conveyance: The railroad conveyance is of great significance for the state. The sea and river ( along the Danube river ) fleet take an active portion in the trade of the state. The major havens are Varna and Bourgas, and the chief Danube ports are Rousse, Lom, Svishtov, and Vidin. There is a ferryboat connexion between Vidin and Kalafat ( Romania ) . The chief airdrome is Sofia Airport.CLIMATE: temperate ; cold, moist winters ; hot, dry summersOFFICIAL Language: Bulgarian. The Bulgarian linguistic communication belongs to the South Slavic subdivision of the Slavic linguistic communications and uses the Cyrillic alphabet.NATIONAL DAY: 3 March # 8211 ; The Day of the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman Rule ( 1878 ) . OFFICIAL HOLIDAYS: # 183 ; New Year s Day on January 1 # 183 ; Easter # 183 ; Labor Day on May 1 # 183 ; Saint George Day on May 6 # 183 ; The Day of the Laminitiss of the Slavonic Alphabet St. Cyril and St. Methodius on May 24 # 183 ; Unification Day on September 6 # 183 ; Independence Day on September 22 # 183 ; Christmas on December 25 Currency: Lev ( BGN ) . Currency board.LEGAL SYSTEM: Parliamentary RepublicHEAD OF STATE: Petar Stoyanov # 8211 ; President ( since 22 January 1997 ) . Cultural Group: Bulgarian 87.8 % , Turk 8.5 % , Gypsy 2.6 % , other 1.1 % .RELIGIONS: Bulgarian Orthodox 85 % , Muslim 13 % , Judaic 0.8 % , Catholic 0.7 % , and other 0.5 % . V. Britain – Bulgaria – cultural comparing Britain BulgariaLanguage English BulgarianHabits Drink beer and whisky Drink grape brandy Smoking is banned in public topographic points Smoking is non banned in public topographic points Socialize in pubs Very hospitable ; besides like to run into at caf s Bias against the quality of the Bulgarian merchandises and penchant for foreign ( western ) productsCommunication manners Have repute for being reserved in their behaviour but are sort when asked for general aid or advise ; agitate custodies when meeting, used to eye-contact Friendly ; unfastened ; used to eye-contact ; agitating custodies when meeting ; women- friends kiss each other when meetingRacial issues Protected in jurisprudence against racial favoritism The authorities policy is to incorporate all the minority groups in the society. There is a National Agency for Ethnic and Demographic Issues.Gen der issues Women are still fighting for equal chances in work and political relations. Womans have good chances at work. Homosexuality is no illegal. There are particular cheery saloon. Homosexuality is non good accepted by the public.Family Peoples tend to populate as spouses instead than merry. Partners even have the legal rights of hubby and married woman. Young people tend to populate as spouses. They can get married subsequently. Parents take attention of their kids during their whole life.Political system King and hierarchal society Building democratic society ; Bureaucratic administrative systemSociety Well represented in-between category but besides rich people ; good working societal system A batch of the people are hapless and few are really rich. The per centum of unemployment is high. VI. Recommendations for get the better ofing the differencesWe will turn to the cultural differences that can impact AstraZeneca s communications with the Bulgarians. If AstraZeneca opens a subdivision in Bulgaria it will hold to pass on with:1. Customers2. Government Institutions3. Employees1. Our clients will be the ordinary people.We develop medical specialties for malignant neoplastic disease and cardiovascular diseases. The per centum of malignant neoplastic disease and cardiovascular diseases in Bulgaria is high.AstraZeneca s medical specialties are expensive. The Bulgarian people are hapless, but willing to give money to continue their health.We suggest a strong selling and advertisement scheme with accent on the high quality of AstraZeneca s medical specialties and a batch of information about the strong research base of the company. This advertisement together with the prejudice of the Bulgarians against the quality of the local merchandises will increase our opportunities of success. The figure below shows the inclinations in the pharmaceutical market for the last twelvemonth. The import is bigger compared with the market of the local production. Bulgarian P harmaceutical market ( 01.01.1999 01.01.2000 ) The physicians, the pharmaceuticss, the infirmaries and the freshly established National Insurance Fund can make the ordinary people. We recommend the selling section to construct up those communications ( see figure on page 13 ) . 2. Governmental InstitutionsAstraZeneca will hold to work with The National Drug Institute in order to license company s merchandises and enter the market of Bulgaria. The Institute is a province establishment. Corruptness and bureaucratism are identified as the greatest jobs in the province establishments. Our advice is the constitution of a Project Team whose chief undertaking will be to measure the state of affairs and to bring forth solutions for developing healthy communications with this establishment. The Drug enrollment section will spread out those communications in the hereafter ( see figure on page 13 ) .The cardinal office of the subdivision should be in the capital Sofia. This will assist in the communications with the authorities establishments, which are chiefly based in Sofia.3. EmployeesAstraZeneca would wish to use Bulgarians in the new subdivision using its corporate policy of belief in people and duties through holding local staff in each state. This will be good for the company because the Bulgarians are good educated and difficult working. We think that the linguistic communication differences will non be a barrier to the communicating because most of the immature people in Bulgaria speak English as a 2nd linguistic communication. There should be a common working agenda to get the better of the fluctuations in the holidays.The communicating procedure between AstraZeneca staff and the Bulgarian employees will be facilitated by the unfastened and friendly nature of the Bulgarians. We anticipate that the Bulgarians will hold troubles with the reserved British manner of communicating. To get the better of this job we suggest that the directors in the Bulgarian subdivis ion, who will hold direct communicating with our central offices, to be people who have received their instruction in Britain or have worked in a similar international environment. If there are still misinterpretations our recommendation is to develop the directors in the UK Headquarters. In that manner they will go familiar with the corporate policy and will hold a opportunity to develop personal relationships. On the land of the above analysis we suggest that the new subdivision should hold the undermentioned construction: VI. References1. englishculture.about.com2. www.astrazeneca.com3. www.bba.bg4. www.bcci.bg5. www.bfia.org6. www.bulgaria-embassy.org7. www.business-europa.co.uk/bsmenu.html8. www.google.com9. www.ndi.bg400.bg10. www.open.gov.uk11. Analyzing and populating in Britain: A usher for international pupils and visitants ( 1997 ) . The British Council 344

Change the attitude Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Change the attitude - Essay Example I am also afraid that during one of my angry bouts, I might seriously hurt someone physically. Through this research paper, I will therefore attempt to delve deeper into the underlying causes of angry behavior, to try and understand the reasons why it develops so easily. In this way, through an understanding of the underlying causes, I may be able to find ways and means to cope with this behavior and change my attitude. Ambrose and Mayne (1999) have summed up the problem of anger as an attitude prevailing among members in society as follows: â€Å"Anger remains one of the most significant problems facing our society today. In a world growing more crowded, with the pace of life increasing exponentially†¦..there is growing potential for anger to play a destructive role on a frighteningly large scale.† (p 362). Anger and aggression is undesirable behavior because it generally leads an individual to manifest that anger against a loved one or an acquaintance. According to Averill (1993), over half of most aggressive actions involving anger are perpetrated against a loved one or an acquaintance, while only 6% of anger episodes are directed against external objects. In offering an explanation for anger, Jeremy Griffith focuses upon biological elements which contribute to this kind of attitude. He points out that unlike animals, human beings are fully conscious. As a result human insight into the past enables a person to make predictions about what is likely to happen in the future, and it is this consciousness that also endows human beings with the ability to control their instincts and manage their lives.(www.humancondition.info). However, in some instances, a conflict develops, between orientated instinct and the experimenting intellect which seeks to understand life’s patterns and to develop greater control over the events in one’s life through using one’s mind. The instincts in effect, try to stop the necessary search for knowledge which is initiated

A Biography of Nikola Tesla Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Biography of Nikola Tesla - Research Paper Example Tesla is famously known for his contributions in electrical engineering as well as mechanical engineering. His journey to engineering school was prompted by his father’s promise when he (Tesla) was sick that should he recover, he would do so. That was a time when there was forceful conscription in the army. Through difficulties, Tesla fought hard to ensure that he had a decent education. He missed studying some critical subjects so that he found himself in a Telecom company before eventually moving into the US.2 While in the United States, Tesla’s fortunes opened. While at school and technical school, he had demonstrated commitment in all his endeavors. Edison Company was the first place he began what one may call a practical career. His first major achievement was at Edison where he managed to improve the existing model of a direct current generator. However, due to the company failing to honor its part in the gentleman’s agreement, Tesla quit job at Edison, As he struggled to move forward, Tesla secured funds from two other friends and experimented with alternating current (AC). He used the concept of AC to develop an improved version of induction motor that required no commutator to work as it would auto-start. It was then that George Westinghouse sought his expertise. For the first time in his life, Tesla was able to earn a decent salary and live a decent life.3 His later innovations include the improvement of the existing version of X-Ray, which he believed worked on a principle that exposed the skin to dangerous radiation. However, his idea of X-Ray had some weaknesses, which were later discovered in the modern time. Besides, Tesla also had some patent wars with his early radio waves innovations. He had demonstrated the possibility of a wireless transmission, only to lose similar patents to Guglielmo Marconi. It was the US Supreme Court that later

Olympic Foods, a Processor of Frozen Foods Essay Example for Free

Olympic Foods, a Processor of Frozen Foods Essay Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its 25th birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits. The Olympic Foods tries to convince its stockholders through its annual report that it can increase profits as it has long experience. This is supported by comparing with a color film industry in which, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print feel from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. This argument makes some assumptions which is not supported with evidences. The Olympic Foods wrongly compares itself with a color film processing industry. The techniques and environment applicable to the color film processing industry may not be applicable to the food processing industry. What applies to a color film may not apply to food. For example, irrespective of the company’s experience, the time taken for a food to ferment would not change significantly. Just the 25 years of experience cannot be mentioned as a reason for increased profits. Other factors such as climate, market competition would also affect the profit of a company. With all such factors taken into consideration, if it can be proved that experience helps in reducing costs and maximizing profits, the argument would be strengthened. Since the argument misses several key issues, it is not very sound. If it included the points discussed above, the argument could have been thorough and more convincing.

Themes of Violence and Conflict are Central to Romeo and Juliet by Shak

Romeo and Juliet is a play written by William Shakespeare who was born in 1564 and died in 1616, during his time he wrote many plays which were prolific including Macbeth, Othello and The Tempest. Theatre in Elizabethan times was marvellous entertainment. Plays would be performed almost anywhere, the theatres were new and extremely popular places for people to meet up socialise. All sorts of people went to watch plays, from the poorest people to the richest. The poor people would stand at the front while the richest would sit down and watch from a more comfortable place. During 1592-93, Shakespeare wrote long poems instead of plays as the theatres were closed due to the plague. The people in this time were very religious and wouldn?t have allowed love stories or anything other than violence and conflict, this is why Romeo and Juliet is superseded with much violence and conflict which covers the love story in Romeo and Juliet. In Romeo and Juliet violence and conflict are very important as a result of the fact that two families in this play dislike each other and are feuding. This causes much friction in the play leading to a huge amount of violence and conflict. A prologue is an introduction or foreword which is used to prepare the audience for the violence and conflict in the play. This is done when it states: ?Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean? this informs the audience that a high class family?s blood is spilt by another high class citizen. Another part of the prologue states: ?A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life, ?Doth with their death bury their parents? strife.? This explains to the audience that two lovers kill themselves and when they die they end their parent?s trouble. Throughout Act 1, S... ...s is shown when she says: ?Talk not to me, for I'll not speak a word Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee.? I think Shakespeare made his play violent because in those times people were very religious and they wouldn?t have watched his plays if they wasn?t violent. This is why he couldn?t write Romeo and Juliet as just a love story as that wouldn?t have been allowed in those times, therefore he covered up the love in the play with violence and conflict. The violence in the play has the effect of turning it into a tragedy due to the amount of conflict and the death of Romeo and Juliet. It also creates the image of violence being unfair because of the deaths of so many in the play and the tragic end of the two lovers. The violence in the play has the effect of exciting the audience, causing them to worry and think about what will happen to Romeo and Juliet.

Home Soil by Irene Zabytko Essay

Home Soil is a story written by Irene Zabytko that takes place in Chicago during the Vietnam War. Bohdan, the narrator?s son, is the main character of the plot. His interaction with his father throughout the story proves that he is suppressing the pain that is within him. What led to this is the message that Zabytko intended for the reader; opportunities do not exist forever. Throughout the short story Bohdan displays regret, dwelling, and absolution as he realizes an opportunity has come and gone. The feeling of regret can weigh a person?s emotions beyond normalcy. As the story unfolds and the plane arrives in Chicago from San Francisco, Bohdan becomes immediately unsocial from an expected level. ?We stood apart, unlike the other soldiers and their families who were hugging and crying on each other?s shoulders in a euphoric delirium,? said Bohdan?s dad. Mentioned briefly in the beginning of the story was the fact that Bohdan?s dad was also in a war and had never spoken of it to anyone. As little words are exchanged, Bohdan?s dad finds himself wondering why his son has not told him any details of his journey. This is a realism that the father has had before in his own experiences. Zabytko then begins to tell the father?s story of regret in a lengthy description, including all of his war efforts. When regret is established one tends to dwell on that incident searching for a resolution. The semi-torturing act of dwelling is a replay of events that lead up to and include the regret that took hold. Bohdan?s parachute pin is a form of symbolism. The pin represents an unattainable dream of his. Bohdan hasn?t been able to stop thinking about the one thing he was not able to do. This, in return, explains why his concentrations seemed to be elsewhere than the reality he was living in. Bohdan?s dad also has flashbacks in his mind that cannot be controlled. Zabytko gives superb imagery as she has the dad describe his compelling story of regret. With a better understanding of dwelling through the father?s story the reader can now place a similar burden on Bohdan. ?I see him staring at the round carapace of a ceiling, stoic icons staring directly back at him,? said the dad. This image presents the importance of the thoughts that are running through Bohdan?s head. Once a person has dwelled on something to the point of driving himself insane he  then usually searchs for a forg iveness or absolution. When bad thoughts have reached maximum capacity and possibilities of correction seem impossible, the last resort is a formal freeing of one?s guilt. Built up throughout the story was Bohdans? social behavior. Also, throughout the story, the father?s emotional behavior built up with Bohdans? silence. Zabytko shows the father?s plea for forgiveness when he says, ?I should have shot her. I should have spared her from whatever she had to go through.? Ultimately Bohdan wants forgiveness as well. With his father by his side, crying in the garden, Bohdan tries to cleanse his regret. The only way out of one?s regret is to except it as a missed opportunity. Bohdan does this when he says, ?Tato, I didn?t know anything. You know, I just wanted to jump out from planes with my parachute. I just wanted to fly?.? As the story ends with that statement it is assumed that the father reveals his regrets to his son as well. With sin, guilt, and obligation one ponders why they exist. They are all some given opportunity that was taken or understood the wrong way. Zabytko shows how decisions are vital for survival and wrong ones can hurt you. Some opportunities do not exist forever; do not let them slip by as Bohdan and his father did.

A FIgg For The Oh Death Essay

Edward Taylor was a pastor, physician and an American poet. He lived between 1642 and 1729; a time of devastating living conditions. At this time America was still a colony of Britain a fact that increased human problems (Jerrett, 384). Edward, as everyone else, lived in terror of his life and home being in danger. Yet, during these terrifying moments, he drafted poetry one of them being _A fig for thee oh! Death._ Being a strong believer of Christian faith, Edward was determined to ascertain his belief of life after death. Just like most of his poem, â€Å"_A fig for thee oh! Death†_ aimed at criticizing death. The analysis in the succeeding sections focuses on the poem in details paying special attention to his description and attitude towards death. In addition, an analysis is provided concerning Edward’s central message, which was firmly founded in his unending faith in God. The poem’s title insinuates that the main idea was basically focused on the death phenomenon. However, perhaps it is possible to derive a different meaning from the manner Taylor addresses the subject matter. In the poem, he vows vehemently his lack of confrontation to save his life, his body, from cruelty of passing away, for God protect his soul (Jerrett, 386). Accordingly, it can be concluded that Edward attempted to prove that there was notable disparity between soul and body. At the same time, he also shows his attempt to reconcile the huge gap between body and soul. From the start of the poem, the poet creates two edges that form a man, the human Saul and body, â€Å"_Kernel†¦..nut_† (Taylor 306). Death is embodied as a ghastly monster that is a man-eater, characterized by terrible â€Å"_Ghastly eyes†¦.bare bones_.† Its attempt to destroy human body does not scare Taylor. He adds that the  soul is safeguarded by the Almighty God â€Å"_its heavenly Kernel’s box abides most safe.†(Taylor_ 306). It can be noted that the speaker is eager to abandon the body and that is why he compares it to the body of a temptress, a hedonist. Thus the central idea of the poem swings from contemplation of natural death, to the mortal body which is portrayed as a liability to the speaker (Jerrett, 389). Moreover, the narrator looks at death as a savior, a weapon strong enough to conquer the evil. Indeed, he considered death the wiles and temptations of the body. Therefore, he suggests that it the monster should be welcomed as destroyer of human body and not the soul. In fact, he is fully confident that the only thing that prevents him from going to heaven and from realizing grace is the fresh (Jerrett, 391). The poet is also confident that disposal of the fresh through death will mark the beginning of the judgment day, † _Till she hath slept out quite her fatal sleep. When the last cock shall crow the last day in†¦_† (Taylor 307). Thereafter, the destroyed, imprisoned and ultimately faulty body will accompany the soul to heaven. Death changes from being a monster to a necessary element crucial in attaining grace of God. However, later on perspective of the speaker changes where he admonish death for killing the fresh so slowly thereby keeping the narrator from ascending to heaven. He says â€Å"_is this the worst thy terror then canst. Why then should this grimace at me terrify?†_(Taylor 307) The poem helped Taylor to resolve the scuffle of the soul and the body. He manages to illustrate how the human body can offer numerous temptations and still allow a person to go to heaven. The main message that Edward is putting across is that there is life after death. Therefore he feels that people should not fear death because the savior (Jesus Christ) also died, resurrected and ascended to heaven. Works Cited Taylor, Edward. â€Å"A Fig for Thee, Oh! Death.† _The Norton Anthology of American Literature_. Gen. ed. Nina Baym. 8th ed. Vol. A. New York: Norton, 2012. 306-307. Print. _Jerrett, M. â€Å"American Literature to 1900.† Years’ Work English Studies, (1978), 57(1): 382-397_

Philosophers Stone Essays

Philosophers Stone Essays Philosophers Stone Essay Philosophers Stone Essay The camera angle now changes to a close up of the boy. He looks in the mirror to where his mother was standing, and touches it. His facial expressions demonstrate that hes trying to hold back his tears. Perhaps he is trying to make himself look like a big boy, who doesnt really need his mum anymore.  There is a parallel to be made here between this scene and another well known to children. In Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone there is a moving episode where Harry sees his dead parents in the mirror. He reaches out to them but then they are gone. The film preceded this Cancer advert but clever advertisers recognize the power of association. They know that children watching this appeal will be reminded of their favorite film and will instantly bond with the advert. It might even encourage them to draw their parents attention to it. Association of the product with a well-known media star or event is a well-used technique. The advert now diverts to a family who has been treated by the Cancer organisation. The mother in this scene is brushing her hair; its quite a normal thing to do, the family doesnt look affected by cancer at all. The children are talking the background of the three shot camera angle. The phone number appears on the screen, whilst the voiceover says Please call 0800 316 4000 and give 2 a month to Cancer Research UK. At this point the advert is telling the viewer to contribute a small donation and magnify the result. The colours in the background are warm and pleasant, associated with life and security. The mother says to one of her children come here and hugs her child with strength and love. The hug becomes a kiss and a hug again; this is showing to the viewer the strength of their relationship. This also implies openness and a need to communicate to children about cancer. It blows away previously held myths that cancer is infectious or has a stigma attached to it. Text is printed across the screen à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 a month will help us cure cancer faster these are a few short words which will help the viewer to develop an understanding for the uses of the small contribution. Most adverts tend to leave the advert with a key point, or name so that the viewers will remember the product advertised when they next go shopping. The Cancer Research UKs advert finishes with the mother and daughter hugging. The background has a mirror that reflects the light, and warm colours to show the life and future the family has together. The advertisement here is stressing the effectiveness of the product, that is, Cancer Research UK would make good use of your contribution. In my opinion, the advertisement is successful because it shows two scenes that are both similar and contrasting. Both portray family life with a mother and child. However the fundamental difference is life and death. In one scene the mother dies of cancer. In the other the mother survives. The inference is that the person who can really make the difference is the viewer. A modest donation of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 a month is a small price to pay to alleviate the viewers guilt, to buy hope and find an effective cure for cancer. The advert empowers the viewer to act in a positive way and this is an appealing message. It also implies that as one in three of us will develop cancer at some point in our lives, and therefore it would be a good and wise investment.  This is a beautifully crafted advert that stimulates the senses of sight, sound, and touch. As such, it makes a lasting impression especially as a potential giver can contribute to a happy ending.

Chinese culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Chinese culture - Essay Example The Chinese cuisine dates back to thousands of years and has been subject to metamorphosis from time to time and from one place to another depending on climate, fashion and local preferences. The Chinese cuisine embraces both styles from different parts of China and a collection from other parts of the world. Over time, cuisines from other cultures have been integrated into the Chinese cuisine due to imperial expansion and trade with the outside world. The staple foods of the Chinese include rice, noodles, vegetables and sauce and seasonings. Styles in ancient Chinese cuisine differed because of class, region and ethnicity resulting in an unrivalled range of ingredients, techniques, dishes and eating styles, collectively called the Chinese food. This wide diversity and array of food traditions has over generations caused the Chinese to pride themselves on eating a wide variety of food while also remaining true to the spirit and traditions of the Chinese food culture. The Chinese have eight major culinary traditions. These include Anhui, Cantonese, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Szechuan and Zhejiang cuisines. The styles are distinguishable from one another due to contributors such as availability of resources, climate, geography, history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. The Sichuan cuisine prefers baking while the Jiangsu cuisine on the other hand, favors braising and stewing. Many traditional regional cuisines employ basic preservation techniques such as drying, salting, pickling and fermentation. The Cantonese cuisine uses traditional cooking methods such as steaming, frying, baking and stewing and is engineered to offer sampling of a variety of different foods by the eater. Some of these dishes include lotus leaf rice, rice rolls, turnip cakes, buns, Shui jiao-style dumplings, stir-fried green vegetables, congee porridge and soups and so on. The Sichuan style, which

Personal statement for sports management graduates school

For sports management graduates school - Personal Statement Example Further, I understand that to become a sports manager, I must have the understanding of how to work with team’s budgets and with the individuals involved, ultimately making the team a success. Some professionals engage in sports as their livelihood sources. Other individuals use it merely as a hobby, but they still require effective management to get the best of it. I take into consideration the role of sports and sports management in both the professional and social dimensions. Evidently, sports organization requires qualified professionals who can meet all the different goals and aspiration. These qualified personnel can only come from educational training of specialists in the field. The current growth in the field of sports is so tremendous that it surpasses the availability of qualified professionals for its management. General management studies are important in facilitating the cultivation of leadership qualities and creation of future managers. The field of sports is rapidly shaping into the professional and more corporate look as opposed to the traditional leisure and social dimension, which has been its face for centuries. Management studies are, therefore, important not only to create good managers in the fields, but also to enhance effective management in the rapidly changing corporate world. In one’s aspiration to become a sports manager, it is necessary to equip him or her with management skills from a reputed institution in order to effectively survive and make impact in the competitive environment characterised by globalization and ever-evolving technologies. With a well-designed sports management course, the West Virginia University of Sports Management is my choice in chasing the dream of developing a successful career in sports management. This is very important in enhancing sporting businesses to create excellent sporting facilities, in which all

Week 5 discussion 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 discussion 2 - Essay Example Policies standardizing assessment procedures, teaching strategies and methods also allow policy makers to monitor and regulate education across the different schools spread out across the state. As a result, students transferring from one school to another across cities undergo a smooth transition because of the similarity in curriculum. Furthermore, within the classroom setting, teachers must ensure their teaching strategies and methods address the needs of their diverse student population. This helps to prevent instances where some students feel left out resulting in decreased motivation levels for academic achievement. Educators rely on lesson plans to formulate teaching objectives that embrace the different learning needs of all students (Diarra, 2005). In conclusion, the entire state stands to benefit from efforts made in the education sector geared towards embracing diversity created by the diverse population residing in the different cities within the state. States with policies equipped to deal with internal diversity have an easier time dealing with external diversity resulting from globalization (Diarra, 2005). Diarra, M. (2005, March 17). Reaching Across Borders to Improve Teaching. Retrieved February 9, 2013, from Reaching Across Borders to Improve Teaching:

Discuss three examples how HIPAA is taught, practiced, and enforced in Research Paper

Discuss three examples how HIPAA is taught, practiced, and enforced in a health care organization. What is HIPAA and why it shou - Research Paper Example It was also designed to prevent employers from hiring persons due to medical conditions that may affect the cost of their job-related group insurance. Under its rules, there is a six month limit for denying coverage for preexisting conditions under employee provided health plans. Specifically, unless an employee has received diagnosis or treatment for a pre-existent condition within six months prior to being hired then they cannot be denied coverage for the issue (http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/faqs/faq_consumer_hipaa.html). A secondary purpose of HIPAA is to protect patient confidentiality. It regulates who can access medical records, the reasons they may do so, and the proper they follow. In most cases, it forbids individuals or organizations from looking at a person’s records without their permission. HIPAA must be followed for ethical as well as legal reasons. Because of its importance, a wide variety of health care and insurance professionals must be trained in HIPAA compliance. Training is offered in several formats, including online. The website http://www.ehipaatraining.com/ offers Internet-based classes on the subject. The Department of Health and Human Services offers similar resources on the web page, www.hhs.gov.

Pedagogical Principles of Teaching

Pedagogical Principles of Teaching Developing Teaching, Learning and Assessment in Education and Training 1.1 Analyse the application of pedagogical principles in own area of specialism. Pedagogical Model: Understanding by Design (UbD) is an academic framework for designing curriculum units, performance assessments and instruction that evolve a deeper and better understanding amongst the learners. It facilitates the process of learning by setting achievable goals and objectives. Designed by Grant Wiggins and Jay Mc Tighe, the model scrutinises the traditional methods and suggests more coherent, versatile and conductive ways related to planning, teaching and assessing. The essence of the model lies in to begin with the end in mind. It simply implies to keep the destination in mind before taking the first leap thereby taking steps in the right direction. The process of learning in human beings is constantly under research and tight scrutiny. Over a period of time, many researchers of this field have concluded that human ability to learn is greatly affected by the interaction of ideas. The exchange of meaningful learning experiences in progressive and conducive environments assists in discovering and exploiting our potentials to their optimum levels. The learning experiences are very often used by the teachers to motivate the quest of learning amongst the students. The sharing of poor ideas helps us to interact and foment a climate of understanding thereby developing new learning scenarios. This meaningful interaction puts great influence on the process of learning as a whole. We also learn to interpret new experiences and modify our own conceptions through the dialogue. In order to make best utilization of this concept, we need to create meaningful activity and relate it to our perceptions of life. In light of this research, new processes and learning methodologies are being evolved to help learners and teachers in making its best utilization. Grant Wiggins and Jay Mc Tighe are the pioneers in implementing the concept on ground by designing a new methodology of learning called the Backward Design. The use of Backward Design model as part of the concept of Understanding by Design has proved to be an extremely effective tool in addressing the learning needs of human beings (Hammond, 2005). The Backward Design model provides a new approach to teachers and learners by focusing on keeping the goals and objectives in mind. This design puts less emphasis on the specific activities of and rather involves paying attention to the strategic intents and outcomes of their curriculum. The model starts with defining what students want to achieve or know and then framing curriculum which guides to the desired objective. Although the Backward Design does not totally oppose the traditional methods, however it objects to the routine collection of facts that one often tends to forget after the test (Pankratz Petrosko, 2000). Unless it has been decided as what the students should understand (objectives), plans cannot be made to substantiate the effort required to be put in to achieve those goals. Once the curriculum designer knows what students should understand, consideration moves to how to capture and document this understanding. The enduring understanding is the hallmark of the Backward Design. All the planning perimeters and curriculum designing are of little use until the principles of backward design are kept in mind. The sole purpose is to progressively achieve those levels of understanding which human mind has never experienced before. The efficacy of this model can be best visualised from the fact that at Harvard Graduate School of Education, the most efficient model of learning being prescribed and pursued is the Teaching for Understanding which in many ways goes in line with the concept of Understanding by Design (Wiske, 2005). 1.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of use of creative and innovative approaches in own area of specialism. Principles of Teaching and Learning in Teaching Maths: Students learn maths through the experiences that teachers provide. Teachers must know and understand deeply the maths they are teaching and understand and be committed to their students as learners of maths and as human beings. There is no one right way to teach. Nevertheless, much is known about effective maths teaching. Selecting and using suitable curricula materials, using appropriate instructional tools and techniques to support learning and pursuing a continuous self-improvement are actions good teachers take every day. The teacher is responsible for creating an intellectual environment in the classroom where serious engagement in mathematical thinking is the norm. Effective teaching requires deciding what aspects of a task to highlight, how to organise and orchestrate the work of students, what questions to ask the students having varied level of expertise and how to support students without taking over the process of thinking for them. Effective thinking requires continuing effort to learn and improve. Teachers need to increase their knowledge about maths and pedagogy, learn from their students and colleagues, and engage in professional development and self-reflection. Collaborating with others paring an experienced teacher with a new teacher or forming a community of teachers to observe, analyse and discuss teaching and students thinking is a powerful, yet neglected form of professional development. Teachers need ample opportunities to engage in this kind of continual learning. The working lives of teachers must be structured to allow and support different models of professional development that benefit them and their students. Features of effective learning and teaching in maths: From the early stages onwards, children and young people should experience success in maths and develop the confidence to take risks, asks questions and explore alternative solutions without fear of being wrong. They will enjoy exploring and applying mathematical concepts to understand and solve problems, explaining their thinking and presenting their solutions to others in a variety of ways. At all stages, an emphasis on collaborative learning will encourage children to reason logically and creatively through discussion of mathematical ideas and concepts. The experiences and outcomes encourage learning and teaching approaches that challenge and stimulate children and young people and promote their enjoyment of maths. To achieve this, teachers will use a skilful mix of approaches, including: planned active learning which provides opportunities to observe, explore, investigate, experiment, play, discuss and reflect modelling and scaffolding the development of mathematical thinking skills; learning collaboratively and independently; opportunities for discussion; communication and explanation of thinking; developing mental agility; using relevant contexts and experiences familiar to young people; making links across the curriculum to show how mathematical concepts are applied in a wide range of contexts, such as those provided by sciences and social sciences using technology in appropriate and effective ways; building on the principles of assessment for learning; ensuring that young people understand young people understand the purpose an d relevance of what they are learning; developing problem-solving capabilities and critical thinking skills. Teachers need to understand and be committed to their students as learners of maths and as human beings and be skilful in choosing from and using a variety of pedagogical and assessment strategies (National Commission on Teaching and Americas Future1996). In addition, effective teaching requires reflection and continual efforts to seek improvement. Teachers need to understand the big ideas of maths and be able to represent maths as a coherent and connected enterprise (Schifter 1999; Ma 1999). Teachers also need to understand different representations of an idea, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each, and how they are related to one another (Wilson, Shulman and Richert 1987) As a maths teacher, I apply the following teaching approaches: Individual Work: I still believe that individual work has the most significant and effective influence on students. Individual work facilitates one on one interaction among students and teachers. I still believe that individual work has the most significant and effective influence on students. Individual work facilitates one on one interaction among students and teachers. Some limitations include: While individual work will enable the students to improve their performance level, and teachers to individually assess the students. However it does not facilitate any team work or collaboration between the students, and the students would feel isolated. It would also restrict the students from learning and obtaining effective experiences and knowledge from other students. Group Work: I believe that group work is essential to develop team work and facilitate collaboration between students. As a religious studies teacher I believe that it is essential to promote social harmony and facilitate collaborative work between culturally diverse individuals and groups of individuals. Group work facilitates effective participation and communication, and also builds up leadership skills among students. It is perceived by many experts that group work provides a basis for effective team work, leadership, communication and collaboration (Wurdinger Carlson, 2009). Limitations include: Even though group work is an effective learning tool, the resources required for group work is high. Group work requires a significant amount of time, materials and space. If the teacher is not able to provide these resources to students, the group work will not be effective. Furthermore group work can also have many disputes which would hinder the main objective of undertaking group wo rk. Also there is the limitation of all students not participating equally for group work. Presentations: Presentations are considered to be the most effective tool of visual learning. Presentations are utilized by teachers to increase the interest and concentration level of students. Earlier students were provided with study notes and the teacher followed the provided material. There was a clear limitation in this method, as the students lost concentration and interest in this method. Especially I have experienced that utilizing presentations for a subject such as religious studies, helps to attract the students and maintain their interest. Experts believe that presentations are more effective and accurate than utilizing printed material. I agree with this statement and believe in utilizing effective presentation during my teaching sessions (Wilson, 2009). Limitations include: Presentation require a high level of software and hardware equipment. Personally I have experienced difficulties due to the limitations of resources, and I have been unable to effectively present th e study material effectively. Both teachers and students have faced hardships due to these limitations and few study sessions have been wasted due to these restrictions. Online Learning and Group Discussions: I promote online learning among my students as I believe that online learning provides a great way for the students to obtain timely and relevant information related to the subject matter. It would also enable the students to obtain information regarding the most recent developments. Online discussion also helps students to interact and share their knowledge with others and also obtain support from the teacher outside classroom hours. I agree with the experts that online learning has a plethora of advantages, which facilitate a more effective knowledge sharing and learning culture among the students (Bender, 2003). Limitations include: the lack of resources. There are many students who do not have access to web sources and have no proper ICT knowledge. Also depending too much on online resources would sometimes be inaccurate and also deviate students from their primary objective. Tutorials: In addition to my lessons, I always ensure to hold a considerable number of tutorial sessions for my students. With experience I have realized that tutorials help the students to obtain a better understanding about the subject matter and apply the theoretical knowledge obtained during the study sessions. Limitation include: I have observed that at times tutorials tend to make students follow the lesson mechanically, instead of obtaining an in-depth understanding about the subject matter. References Bender, T. (2003), Discussion-based Online Teaching to Enhance Student Learning, Stylus Publishing, United States. Wilson, L. (2009) Practical Teaching: A guide to PTLLS DTLLS, London: Cengage Learning EMEA Wilson, S. M., Shulman, L. S. Richert, A. E. (1987). 150 Different Ways of Knowing: Representations of Knowledge in Teaching. In J. Calderhead (Ed.), Exploring Teachers Thinking (pp.104-124). London: Cassell. Wiggins, G., McTighe, J. (2011). The Understanding by Design guide to creating high-quality units. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. Wurdinger, S. D. and Carlson, J. A. (2009), Teaching for Experimental Learning, Rowman and Littlefield Education, United State. Schifter, D. (1999). Reasoning about operations: Early algebraic thinking, grades K through 6. (pp 62-81). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Ma, L. (1999). Knowing and teaching elementary mathematics: Teachers understanding of fundamental mathematics in China and the United States. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Good Times :: Media Television Shows Papers

Good Times Originally aired on CBS in 1974 as a spinoff of the sitcom Maude, Good Times was a Black situation comedy based on the everyday lives of a Black Chicago family during the height of the civil rights movement (Deane, 2004). The cast starred Esther Rolles as the mother Florida Evans who first appeared as the maid in the television show Maude, John Amos as the father James Evans who starred in the hit miniseries Roots, comedian Jimmie Walker who played the oldest son James Evans Jr. (JJ), Ja'net DuBois as neighbor and friend of the Evans family Willona Woods, Ralph Carter who played the youngest son Michael Evans, and Anderson Bern Nadette Stanis as daughter Thelma Evans (Deane, 2004). Good Times took place in the assimilated hybrid minstrelsy genre of Black sitcoms which means that it often had offensive stereotypical aspects present such as mammy and sambo characters, but these characteristics took place in a traditional white sitcom setting and often had references to the Black civil rights movement that was taking place at the time. Originally created to show African Americans in a different more positive light, it gained popularity with Black and White audiences quickly and rated number seventeen for the 1973-1974 seasons (Ingram, 2004). As the show proceeded however, it began to drift away from its original purpose as the character JJ's popularity began to grow. Often criticized for his similarities to buffoonish minstrel characters in early television history, JJ was seen as doing a disservice to the show causing Esther Rolles and John Amos to leave. Attempting to continue the show and regain ratings, the show's producers centered episodes around the hijinks of JJ, but alas the show's ratings continued to fall and the show was cancelled. This brings us to the question at hand. Was Good Times a show that portrayed Blacks in a positive manner to the American public, or was it more of the nail in the coffin to the positive identity of Black America? Positive Aspects Good Times was an interesting 1970's television comedy series that explored the life of a poor black family. This family was simply trying to get by and have a good life in the projects of Chicago. The Evans family was a family that faced real problems on the show and encountered many different situations which they had to overcome. When the show was debuted on February 1, 1974, the series starred John Amos and Esther Rolle as James and Maude (the parents) (Ingram).

Autoethnography

Katrina Washington Professor J. Longacre English 111 Sec. 26 November 25, 2012 Segregate the Other Segregation occurs within the African American race and also towards African Americans by society. Sometimes in life you can be segregated by your own race. Or maybe the outsiders see it as you being an â€Å"other† just because you have different opinions about certain things that they feel is right or wrong. Being the black sheep of a crowd within your very own kind is never a good feeling. In my own personal experience of life, I am always the other out of every group of black people which is my race.Various times I am embarrassed for the way the engage their ignorance into their actions and words. I am a black woman of intelligence and perseverance. I do not tolerate any type of foolery of people’s stupidity to make myself fit in with that particular crowd. I attend the University of Tennessee at Martin, a predominantly white school, where I am always overlooked by my words due to dominant opinions already made about us black folk. However, there was a very heated situation that happened recently that almost lead out of control.The night of the election really took a turn for the worse on campus. Needless to say that since there was a black man versus a white man running for presidency, there were lots of racist actions shown and racist words thrown. This situation made me feel very nervous and uncomfortable because I knew how the turnout would be. Once Barack Obama was announced as president again†¦ things on campus got a bit out of hand. Almost all the black students were outside in the parking lot acting like wild monkeys.Yes I understand they were happy and all, but it shouldn’t have been that ridiculous. There were several white students hanging out windows bellowing racist remarks and insults. Once they started throwing out those dirty words, I felt sick to my stomach. Disgusted and irritated just by the sound of the word  "Nigger†! Black students that heard those bad remarks took things in their own hands and it almost became a riot right there in the parking lot. Me trying to bring down some of the heat, I tried to tell them to calm down and that it wasn’t that serious.They just looked at me as if I had the word weirdo written across my forehead. They ignored my words and thoughts of expression due to my opposite opinion on how to handle things. I then immediately became the â€Å"Other†. I hate to be stereotyped as the average loud, gang banging, trash talking, attitude having black person. And what I was trying to warn them to not fit into the typical stereotypes. However, they thought I was stuck on stupid or something and mentally put me in a little segregated group of my own for my unspoken actions for help.It made me feel eliminated by my own race for thinking outside their mentality structures; fortunately, I do not abide by the status quo. Being the other is never a good spot to sit in. Your voice is never heard and you are always judged if you disagree with what they think. When you don’t agree with their opinion about whatever, they judge you as being weird or strange. Why do you have to be strange just because you want to speak for yourself and not follow behind others? It’s so annoying and pitiful when you talk to someone about your feelings or what have you, and they act like they really care.Yes people always say they understand what you’re talking about when you tell about a bad experience, especially some sort of struggle or downfall. Unfortunately, most of the time people just tell you they understand to shut you up. The people that agree with you will never understand what the under covering of the words you speak simply because they are not you. It’s needless to say that they’ll blackmail you with your own information once you think you can trust them. There is always a story behind people’s words and their opinion counts too.Being the other is a tough role seeing that people can hear you, but they’re not listening. People hear your cries, but can’t feel your pain. If you ask me, it feels so much worse to be put down by your own race rather than any other. To add extra burden to the plate, high school days were no easier to be myself. I attended a school full African American; there were no white or Hispanic kids what so ever. I never wanted to attend a school with strictly one race, even though I’m African American, I always felt like the only white student there.All the students just took things too far with the names, insults, and ignorant ways. They insulted the way I dressed, talked, and even how I spent my personal time outside of school. â€Å"Why you talk so proper like a white person? † they asked. â€Å"Why you dress like them little rich snobby white girls? † they said. Always upset that they judged me to be something I’m not by the look of my appearance or the sound of my voice. Every time I stood up to defend myself, they said they understand why I don’t act like them; but everybody knows they were saying it to shut me up.They always avoided me and treated me like an outsider because of my significant differences. Even though I am still African American just like them, they still looked to me as the other. I say it is a form of racism within my own race and even social group. How can you segregate someone of your own kind? Every race should get along, but also every race should stick together and have each other’s back. No matter the difference in personality, style, voice, or appearance. We are all the same and it is so stupid to be judged off of those things.Author Christopher Sunami of Essay â€Å"Racism† states, â€Å"Race enters the picture only in as much as it is an easy trait to identify and a hard one to change. For this reason, people of a different racial group are the best and easiest targets for â€Å"Othering. †Ã‚  We live in a world filled with different religions, lifestyles, and races. Remember back in the day how all black people were slaves to the whites? There were whips and chains to prove the black people’s place in the world. Times were terrible and black people had no clue how to get away or how to make everyone believe that it should discontinue.However, in the present time period, statistics say that slavery is still about, just in a different approach. The current approach to slavery usually takes place at work or within social groups around your very own community. Be that as it may, there really is no bright side. There is a cleaner word for slavery but it sort of has similar meanings. The word I’m referring to is â€Å"the other†. The word basically means any group identifiable as a whole to which they don’t belong personally. The biased title of being â€Å"the other† occurs everywh ere none stop.Unfortunately it will not stop, being that the other has no voice and is alienated consistently for his/her opinion or thoughts. As shocking as it may appear, being the other can actually form in its own race group. Being discriminated against by other races is bad enough, but it is more degrading to be discriminated against within your own race group. Author Chris Gosden of the article, â€Å"Race and Racism in Archaeology† says â€Å"All human beings make value judgments concerning other people and things all the time and these are based on physical and formal qualities of persons. People judge other people off of the simplest things imaginable. It is really irrelevant to do such things to people just because they enjoy being themselves. Gosden also mentions that there are two types of discrimination. There is positive discrimination, which is usually making a good judgment to probably better something or someone. There is nothing wrong with judging someone t o let them know that they are doing something wrong or giving off the wrong impression to people whom they do not know.People should realize that it is a form of slavery to discriminate against someone of your same race, eyes need to be opened wider, ears need to listen harder, and racial groups need to grow closer. Gosden also states, â€Å"One pervasive argument about racism is that it is a product of colonial and capitalist relations over the last few hundred years, so that nothing like it existed in earlier periods of human history. † Racism has been taking its toll on the world and certain races for so many years. Needless to say that racism affects a particular race more than any other.African Americans usually get judged harder for the color or â€Å"colour† of our skin if I may. I am an African American myself and I get racist remarks thrown at me here and there just because of my skin color. It is a darn shame that things have not gotten better in this particu lar situation by now. It is actually almost as bad as slavery was back in the day. The reason being is because back in the day slavery was out in the open without any type of sugar coating. Now it is all sneaky and under cover. Most people act to be blind to this type of thing either because they’re ignorant or just in denial to the truth of reality.One thing everybody needs to be sure of, is that almost anything can happen. There is so much going on in this scandalous world that people just look over. Back to the racism in the same race issue†¦ people can’t just continue to look over that like it is okay. There is enough struggles African Americans go through, the last thing they need to be doing is discriminating against each other. African Americans struggle with poverty, unemployment, and believe it or not, an unheard voice to the authorities of this place we live in.Not to mention the people that calls themselves Christians and true believers of God. They are usually the main ones who back stab their kind. Author Christopher Sunami also states, â€Å"In America this has historically been a white-against-black issue, although this has shifted somewhat recently. In some communities, Latinos have replaced blacks at the bottom of the social structure. † I feel this is very untrue seeing that the employment rate of Latino’s is higher than the African American employment rate. It was and always will be a white against black racial issue.No matter what people say or how many things are proven, I see it every day out of my African American eyes. It is most definitely nothing I am proud of; however, I would never turn my own kind away because of his/her difference. It is so ignorant that people are this way, acting just like those other racist groups. The belief of all racism ceasing to exist has been sitting on a wing and a prayer, and I severely fear that it will remain the same. Work Cited Sunami, Christopher. (2006): n. page. P rint. Gosden, Chris. â€Å"Race and Racism in Archaeology: Introduction. † March 2006, n. pag. Print.

Supply Cahin Management of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt.) Limited

Chapter One: Introduction 1. 1: Introduction Bangladesh is rich in natural resources as well as human resources. There are many garments and textiles in this country for the availability of manpower. Favorable environment for work and co-operation of government also encourage establishing garments and textile industries here. Alauddin Textile Mills (ATM) Pvt. Limited is one of the well-known textile mills in Bangladesh. In this paper, I take Alauddin Textile Mills (ATM) Pvt. Ltd. as a field of my investigation and research. This company is also known as ATM lungi factory locally for producing popular product â€Å" ATM Lungi†.This company is to conduct many of it’s activities for supplying it’s well-known product to the customers . Of them, I chose it’s supply chain management as my research field. Because, supply chain management is an inevitable part of any company. I noticed it’s all supply chain activities very closely. In recent years, supply c hain management (SCM) has been developed as essential management philosophy and practice for all business operations. As with other business management principles, SCM also applies to the textile and apparel industries.A sound supply chain management helps to identify the supplier and the customer demand that operation must satisfy, link customer demand with suppliers and production plans, and keep the operation function focused on satisfying customers’ need. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customer themselves. Supply chain management (SCM) is the synchronized of a firm’s processes and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials, services, and information with customer demand.It is also a process of managing operations control, resource acquisition and purchasing, and inventory to improve overall efficiency and effectiveness. This paper focuses on some of the major aspects of supply chain management with its major recompense and how to design and implement effective and efficient supply chain management. 1. 2: Background of the company: Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt. ) is a well known textile industry of Bangladesh. It has achieved it’s fame to produce lungi a native popular product of Bangladesh. Now a days â€Å"ATM Lungi† is now most popular brand in lungi in Bangladesh.Garments and textiles are considered as a beck and belly of earning foreign currency. Especially Dhaka region has the major concentration in establishing garments and textiles. So ATM Pvt. Limited has chosen Tangail and Norshindi which are near at hand of Dhaka, as factory place. It is a private limited firm. The incorporation period of this firm is 1993. Mr. Alauddin (engineer) is the entrepreneur and custodian of this company. He started production in a small amount with small capital and sell it in the local market of Tangail.Initially, he had to face many hardship to c ut a established figure. But,He gradullay become afford to occupy the local market for maintaining good quality product. Thus, in a short possible time ATM Lungi disbursed it’s reputation throughout the whole country. It is registered with Board of Investment ( Bangladesh). This company out and out concerned with textile business. Cotton, Yarn, Fabric are the listed product of this firm. But, Lungi is the finished goods of ATM Limited. It was the outset of this company when the number of worker was only a handful 10-15 and employees were 2 and Mr.Alauddin himself executed his business. Now, about 2300 workers and 200 employees are at the disposal of this company . Female workers have taken the possession of 45% of total number of workers. It is mentionable that this company didn’t allow no child labor so far. This company is also the member of Dhaka Chamber of commerce, and Narshindi &Tangail Chamber of commerce. 1. 3: Statement of the problem: In production plan o f this factory, there are many hardship faced by the production manager. To run production smoothly it is crucial to perform some logistics.These are procurement, operation, distribution, after sale, disposal, human resource management, channel management, material handling logistics etc needed to handle potentially for having a smoothly production . Because for the distance & infrastructure problem, many producer fail to produce as their expectation. Bangladesh is not affluent in producing raw materials of textile industries. It is another problem for why these factories always worry about raw material supply. Besides this, human resource management has become the most critical task in garment or textile ndustries. Actually, companies don’t have enough time to spend to conduct any research to find out these problems. I have tried to find out some problems regarding production point to selling point in this paper. I do believe my report help this company to unearth proble ms regarding SCM. 1. 4: Importance of the study: Theoretical information is not sufficient for business students because there is a gap between theoretical knowledge and practical ground. This internship program has been initiated mainly to less this gap.So, this practical idea on various activities and functions of different department of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt. ) Ltd. help me in future to increase my efficiency and effectiveness. . I believe that the analysis, findings and recommendations will be helpful for the organization to effectively utilize the benefit of supply chain management & increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their current operations. The use of these tools enables the textile industries to greatly increase its profitability because it is able to match supply and demand in a much more coordinated fashion.Therefore, the importances of this study are- †¢ To gather practical knowledge about supply chain activities of textile mills in Bangladesh. à ¢â‚¬ ¢ It helps to scrutinize the strength and weakness of the company’s SCM system. †¢ Finding the problem regarding SCM. †¢ It will Measure efficiency of the company in all logistics. †¢ Finding the gap of previous research regarding this. †¢ Recommending some suggestion against the problems 1. 5: Objectives of the study: Objective means the target concern for which certain effort or works are performed. There may be a single objective or multi-objectives.So the objective should be identified firstly, and on the basis of objectives or with a view to achieve that objectives the plan is designed and next steps are taken to implement the outline about the objectives. So, the main objectives of this study is are- * Achieving a realistic idea of existing system of Supply Chain Management of this industry. * Problems faced by the participants. * Opinion of different groups faced the problems. * To give a few suggestions. 1. 6: Methodology: This report is being tried to complete micro level study in a confined, specific, and a given period.To prepare the report I have followed some specific methods and technique, which were helpful for collecting and analyzing data. After I determined what and why I am looking for, then I set adrift our boat to the sea. In this report I have used primary and secondary data. After getting adequate materials I then went through the materials and was trying to find the answer of my objective questions. Within the process I had to contact with my supervisor sir. Evaluating all the information I gathered different record and statement of ATM privet limited, BTMA report has helped me preparing this report.The subject material of this report is on primary and secondary sources of data and information. Sources of information:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Primary source * Relevant document studies   as provided by the officers concerned. * Ob servation of various departments. * Collection information from suppliers and customers through questionnaire. Secondary source * Annual report of ATM privet limited. * Prospectus of ATM private limited . *   Brief of ATM privet limited chief officers and staff. * Extensive literature search on the basis of document and publication, BTMA, BTMC, BGMEA. Interview supplying agents and customer of the company through questionnaire. Population: The study is about supply chain management of the company so the populations are considering as supplier agents and all the customer of the company. Sample: Sample is a subset, or some part, of large population. It is not possible to take all data in report writing so I am take sample for data analysis. I have taken ten samples from the supplier agents and the customer in the company. Sampling: Sampling is the process of using a small number of items or parts of larger population to make conclusions about the whole population.There are various t ypes of sampling. In my study I am follow the simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is a sampling procedure that assures each element in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample 1. 7: Limitations of the study: I won’t say that my study and the decisions I made are self sufficient. That doesn’t mean that there was any dearth of my professionalism and eagerness to reach to the solution, rather it means that I had to face some obstacles. Those may be summarized as follows: * It was so difficult to collect the adequate and real data from the assigned organization. Lack of experience in related field. * The research area was so far from our institution. * Due to the lack of time I could not acquire in depth knowledge of the activities of different department perfectly and clearly.. * Improper combination among various departments. * There was not any research regarding this topic in this institution. So, it was complication for me to collect d ata collection. * Adequate books, publication and journals were not available. * The respondents were not aware enough about my work. It took me more time to conduct my research. 1. : Tentative presentation of the study: This report is composed of eight chapters, which are further divide into different parts. In the first chapter, the introductory portion has been present along with background of the study, Importance of study and the objective of the study and the methodology, limitation and Literature review discuss in chapter two. A conceptual framework is included in chapter three from where we will be able to get the basic idea about the operation of the company. Chapter four includes result and discussion based on objective of the study.From where the textile mill collect raw materials, how they collect the raw materials, what are the basic raw material required by the spinning sector are discussed in this chapter. What are the main considerations in selecting suppliers, proce ss of making order for raw material, landing procedure of import are also discussed in the chapter. The summary and recommendation of the study are discussed in chapter Five. Chapter six highlighted the reference of the study from where I gathered theoretical knowledge about it. Chapter seven exposes bibliography.And in chapter eight, I have discussed appendices that include some table figure and questionnaire. Chapter Two: Literature Review A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such, do not report any new or original experimental work. Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such as a thesis, a literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section.Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a t opic and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area. There are lots of researches in supply chain management in world. There are many books also regarding SCM. Graham Heaslip (School of Business and Humanities, Department of Management Studies, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland) on his book of Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operation he tried to identify the core activities of SCM of any firm. He discuss about strategy needed to operate SCM activities for smoothly run of production.Ning Cao, Zhiming Zhang, Chester To and Roger Ng (Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) in their study of â€Å"Supply Chain Management Practice and Competitive Advantage in Textile and Apparel Industries† they conducted an empirical study. They showed there the overall practices of Supply Chain management of various industries in Hong Kong. Pankage Chandra (Professor of Operations & Technol ogy Management) Publish a research on â€Å"The Textile and Apparel Industry in Indian,† in The Oxford Companion to Economics in India, 2007.He analyzed Manufacturing management; Supply chain coordination; Building technological capabilities; Hi-tech entrepreneurship in his research. An article written by Prof. Atanu Ghosh on â€Å"Supply Chain for the Apparel Industry – Some Tips†Ã‚  was  published in RETAIL e-LETTER of the Retail Vision Group, Issue No. 21, 20th November 2003. He also give some recommendation regarding textile industries SCM practices. A research was conducted in Makson Spinning mills Ltd by Student of BRAC University in Bangladesh. They measured the efficiency of practices of SCM management of Makson Spinning mills Ltd.They also showed Prospectus of MSML, published on 18 September-2008 By Kazi Anwarul Masud in study of Bangladesh Economy- Problems & Prospects with garments and textile industries- Part II on march 2010 mentioned the econ omic philosophy of textile industries in Bangladesh. Problems and Prospect of Garments Industry in Bangladesh (Part-7) By  Abu Zafour Published 19 October 2009 is another study regarding this. There are problem of garment and textile industries in Bangladesh. Chapter Three: Conceptual Framework of Supply Chain A supply chain (SC) consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, n fulfilling a customer request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customer themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service. Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers.Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain). Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary when it defines SCM as the â€Å"design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally A typical supply chain may involve a variety of stages. These supply chain stages includes: * Customers Retailers * Wholesalers/Distributors * Manufacturers * Component/ Raw material suppliers A firm can vary supply of products by controlling a combination of the following two factors: ? Production capacity ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inventory Following I list some specific approaches to managing capacity and inventory with the g oal of maximizing profits. Managing Capacity: When managing capacity to meet predictable variability, firms use a combination of the following approaches. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time flexibility from workforce b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of seasonal workforce. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of subcontracting. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of dual facilities )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Designing product flexibility into the production in processes Managing Inventory: When managing inventory to meet predictable variability, firms use a combination of the following approaches: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using common components across multiple products b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products. All the Supply Chain drivers discussed up until this point have dealt directly with some physical aspect of the supply chain. Information is the supply chain drivers that serves as the glue allowing the other three drivers to work together to create an integrated, coordinated supply chain.Informatio n is crucial to supply chain performance because it provides the foundation on which supply chain processes execute transactions and managers make decisions. With out information, a manager will not know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock, and when more products should be produced and shipped. In short, without information a manager can only make decisions blindly. Therefore, information makes the supply chain visible to a manager. With this visibility, a manager can make decisions to improve the supply chain’s performance.In much way’s information is the most important of the four supply chain drivers because without it, none of the other drivers can be used to deliver a high level of performance. Given the role of information in a supply chain’s success, managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where IT comes into play. IT consists of the hardware and software throughout supply chains that gather, analyze, and act on information. IT serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and analyzing the information necessary to make a good decision.Using IT system to capture and analyze information can have a significant impact on a firm’s performance. For example, a major manufacturer of computer work stations and serves found that much of the information on customer demand was not being used to set production schedules and inventory levels. Information is the key to the success of a supply chain because it enables management to make decisions over a broad scope that crosses both functions and companies. Information must have the following characteristics to be useful when making supply chain decisions: 1.Information must be accurate: Without information that gives the true picture of the state of the supply chain, it is very difficult to make good decisions. That is not to say all information must be 100 percent correct but rather than the data available paint a picture of reality that is at least directionally correct. 2. Information must be accessible in a timely manner: Often a accurate information exists, but by the time it is available, it is either out of date or if it is current, it is not in an accessible form. To make good decisions, a manager needs to have up-to-date information that is easily accessible. 3.Information must be of the right kind: Decision makers need information that they can use. Often companies will have large amounts of data that is not helpful with decision making. Companies must think about what information should be recorded so that valuable resources are not wasted collecting meaningless data while important data goes unrecorded. Supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and then the movement of finished goods out of the organization toward the end-consume r.As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they have reduced their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect has been to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts.The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and improving inventory velocity. Several models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organizational and functional boundaries. SCOR is a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Management Council. Another mo del is the SCM Model proposed by the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF). Supply chain activities can be grouped into strategic, tactical, and operational levels of activities.Strategic * Strategic network optimization, including the number, location, and size of warehouses, distribution centers and facilities. * Strategic partnership with suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating communication channels for critical information and operational improvements such as cross docking, direct shipping, and third-party logistics. * Product design coordination, so that new and existing products can be optimally integrated into the supply chain, load management * Information Technology infrastructure, to support supply chain operations.Tactical * Sourcing contracts and other purchasing decisions. * Production decisions, including contracting, locations, scheduling, and planning process definition. * Inventory decisions, including quantity, location, and quality of inventory. * Transportat ion strategy, including frequency, routes, and contracting. * Benchmarking of all operations against competitors and implementation of best practices throughout the enterprise Operational * Production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply chain. Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). * Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers. * Sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in collaboration with all suppliers. * Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. * Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. * Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities and transportation to customers. Order promising, accounting for all constraints in the supply chain, including all suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distr ibution centers, and other customers. Chapter Four: Result and Discussion In this chapter, the study needs to discuss about the existing production system where the SCM system will be focused according to the first objective of this study. Here, there is a chronological discussion about the existing supply chain management activities. The following are the raw materials needed producing finished product of this company- 4. 1: Textile fibersFibers used for the production of yarn are called textile fibers. All the fibers are not textile fibers, textile fibers must have some of the essential characteristics e. g. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Minimum length to insert twist. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strength 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fineness 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pliability or flexibility 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cohesiveness 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rigidity or stiffness 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elongation & Elasticity 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moisture Absorbency etc. Classification of textile fibers: Different textile fibers are used in textile industry. Some of them we get from natural sources and some of them are man-made classification of fibers are shown in the following chart:Figure: Classification of Textile Fiber 4. 2 Basic Considerations in selection of raw material Textile fiber’s length analysis Wide variations of fiber lengths occur within a fiber of the same source as well as between varieties obtained from different source. Staple fibers include all natural fibers except, sild-sidk is a natural filament fiber Man-made fibers, manufactured in filament form, and silk filament fibers may be cut up to form short staple fibers. Staple is fiber of cotton, wool or ramie etc. of no more than a few inches long. Filament is usually a manmade fiber of indefinite length.The size of yarn is usually related to the weight of the fabric, for heavy fabrics we use thick yarn, for light fabrics we use fine yarn. Textile fiber’s diameter analysis: The diameter of a fiber is the distance across the fiberà ¢â‚¬â„¢s cross section. The diameter of  Ã‚   natural staple fibers is irregular and may vary from one part of the fiber to another. Staple fiber diameters are measured in microns. The diameters of the smooth, even filament man-made fibers is uniform 4. 3 Characteristics of textile Spun yarn * Composed of short staple fibers of definite length Made from natural cotton, flax or wool staple fibers * Made from natural or Man-made filaments which are chopped or cut into short lengths and referred to as filament staple yarn. * Individual fiber length vary * Bigger and wider in diameter than filament fiber yarns. * Fuzzy appearance and feel; fiber ends protrude from yarn * Uneven number of fibers throughout * Range from soft, loose construction to hard finished, fine twist yarn * Thick and thin areas highly twisted * Fall apart when untwisted * Dull or flat in appearance * Rough to the touch Natural textural appearance and feel * Bulkier to the feel * Provide good covering power * Snagg ing depends on fabrics structure * Pilling depends on fiber content 4. 4 Characteristics of textile blended yarn & fabric In order to achieve certain appearance, and effect on fabrics or to avoid paying high import duty on garments to be exported to the exported to the United States which is the biggest buyer of garments from the Asian producing countries, we often mix different fibers in the yarn to make fabrics. Instead of using only one kind of fiber, we may use 2 or 3 kinds.As each kind of fiber has its own characteristics, when we plan to mix them, we should consider their characteristics to create a hybrid with the characteristics we need. Therefore it is important that we know the characteristics of the following key fibers: Cotton: Soft, very absorbent, shrinks when washed easy to crease. Ramie & linen: Compared to cotton, not soft, less absorbent, shrinks when washed, but to a less extent, easy to crease Rayon: Compared to cotton, softer than cotton equally absorben t, Shrinks more than cotton, very easy to crease, has a luster like silkPolyester: Compared to cotton, not soft, absorbent at all, does not shrink in normal wash not easy to crease Wool: The characteristics vary dependent on the kind of wool it is, but it has these general characteristics: Compared to cotton, not very soft, not absorbent. The staple is slightly crispy which can lead to a bulky effect when finally made into fabrics. It shrinks seriously when washed in hot water. Not easy to crease. Nylon: Can be soft or firm dependent on the finish applied, not absorbent, does not shrink when washed, not easy to crease, very strongSilk: Finer and softer than cotton, equally absorbent, shrinks more than cotton easy to crease, has a smooth surface with luster when it is made into fabric. Acrylic: Not soft, not absorbent, dies not shrink in normal wash. The staple is slightly 4. 5 Suppliers Selection and Contracts Once the analysis has been completed, a list of promising suppliers will emerge. The firm select desired suppliers using a variety of mechanisms including off- line competitive bids, reserve actions, or direct negotiations. No matter what mechanism is used, supplier selection should be based on total cost of using a supplier and not just the purchase price.Before selecting a supplier, the firm must decide whether it will use single sourcing or will have multiple suppliers from which to source the product. Single sourcing is used to guarantee the supplier sufficient business when the supplier has to make a significant buyer-specific investment. Once suppliers have been selected, contracts have to be structured between the buyer and each supplier. 4. 6 Placement Process of an Order ATM places the order of raw materials to the suppliers. When placing an order for raw materials it needs highest 30 days.For placing an order they use some medium, the mediums are: ? E-mail ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fax ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Letter ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Phone The company asks for proforma invoice from the suppliers using the aforesaid means of communication where the terms and conditions are mentioned clearly. 4. 7 List of Banks involved in import of ATM Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd Norshindi Brach, Norshindi Pubali Bank Ltd. Tangail Branch, Tangail. 4. 8 List of Major local Agents of ATM 1. A. R. Cotton 2. Dhaka Cotton 3. Trade Scan Int'l 4. Desh cot 4. 9 List of Major Supplier of raw cotton of ATM 1. Indian Cotton Company-India 2.LGW Industries 3. P. D. Sekhsaria-India 4. Omprakash Shiva. 4. 10: The Procurement Process Once supplier have been selected, contracts are in place, and the product has been designed, the buyer and supplier engage in procurement transactions that begin with the buyer placing the order end with the buyer receiving and paying for the order. When designing the procurement process, it is important to consider goods that the process will be used to purchase. There are two main categories of purchased goods Direct an d Indirect materials. Direct materials are components used to make finished goods.Indirect materials are goods used to support the operations of a firm. A good example of a procurement process that focuses on these objectives is the e-Hub initiative at Cisco. As ATM Mills Ltd. Produce 100% cotton yarn only, the main raw material is the Fibers. The company imports fibers from, Canada, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, India, and Pakistan etc. Imports of raw cotton by ATM in June-2011 SL| SELLER| INDENTOR| L/C NO| Description| Bales| 01| Cargil Cotton, U. K| Bakul Ltd. | 2217-08-01-0470| Origin-UzbekistanGrowth-SM, Staple-1. 1/8†,Mic- 3. 8-4. 9 NCL,| 1110| 02| Mambo Commodities, U.K| Dhaka Cotton| 3037-08-02-0003| Growth-Benin, Grade:Kaba-SStaple- 1. 1/8†, Mic-3. 5-4. 9 NCLPressley-29 GPT| 1106| 03| Plexus Cotton, U. K| Bakul Ltd. | 1335-08-01-0534(Bulbul Tex)| Origin- MaliStaple-1-1/8†,| 1092| 04| Cottonex Anstalt, Vaduz| Wellcot Inter’l| 1335-08-01-0541| Origin- CIS ( Uzbek)Grade- Pervey selected-SM| 1164| 08| Cottonex Anstalt| Wellcot Inter’l| 1335-04-01-0611| Origin- CIS(Uzbek) Grade- Pervy Selected-SM, Staple- 1-1/8†,| 1206| | | | Total Bales| 7777| | | | | | | | Statement of Raw cotton Purchase by ATM as on 20 September-2011 1.L/C IN PIPE LINE SUPPLIERINDENTOR| L/C NO. | DESCRIPTION OFRAW COTTON| QTY| VALUE| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC- 0793DT. 05-07-08SBL| MCU-5 –30 MM INDIA| 100M/Tons=220,460lbs+150 M/Tons =330,690 lbs (1490 Bales)| $ 156,526. 60$ 234,789. 90$ 3,91,316. 00| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC – 0893 DT. 08. 12. 03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SBL| SANKAR-6 (SUPER) –28. 56 MMINDIA| 120 M/Tons =264,552 lbs (720 Bales)| $ 190,477. 44| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC – 0916 DT. 17. 12. 03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SBL| MCU-5 –30 MM INDIA| 120M/Tons =264,552 Lbs (720 Bales)| $ 194,445. 2| INDIAN COTTON COMPANY- INDIAA. R. COTTON TRADING, DHAKA| LC – 0023DT. 10. 01. 04| MCU-5, 30 MMINDIA| 244. 9M/Tons=539980 Lbs (1400 Bales)| $ 383,385. 80| 2. RAW COTTON IN BOOKING (L/C DUE FOR OPEN) SUPPLIERINDENTOR| DESCRIPTION OFRAW COTTON| QTY INBALES| QTY IN  LBS| U. PRICE| VALUE| MAMBO COMMODITIES, U. K| KABA-S 1. 1/8†28 GPT| 260 M/TONS| 573,196. 00| USC 76. 00| $435,628. 96| 4. 11 Making Sourcing Decisions in Practice This involves choosing the suppliers that will deliver the goods and services you need to create your products or services.It also involves developing a set of pricing, delivery and payment processes with suppliers and create measurement criteria for monitoring and improving the relationships. Enterprises also need to put together processes for managing the inventory of goods and services that they receive from suppliers, including receiving shipments, verifying them, transferring them to their manufacturing facilities and authorizing supplier payments. 1. Use multifunctional teams: Effective strategies for sourcing result from mul tifunctional collaboration within the firm.A sourcing strategy from the purchasing group is likely to be narrow and focus on purchase price. 2. Ensure appropriate coordination across regions and business units: Coordination of purchasing across all regions and business units allows a firm to maximize economies of scale in purchasing and also to reduce transaction costs. 3. Always evaluate the total cost of ownership: An effective sourcing strategy should not make price reduction its sole objectives. All factors that influence the total cost of ownership should be identified and used for supplier selection.Build long term relationship with key suppliers: A basic principle of good sourcing is that a buyer and a supplier working together will generate more opportunities for savings than the two parties working independently 4. 12: The Role of the Safety Inventory in the Supply Chain Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amount forec asted for a given period. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are uncertain and a product shortage may result if actual demand exceeds the forecast demand. Figure: Inventory profit with safety inventoryFor any supply chain, there are two key questions to consider when planning safety inventory: 1. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry? 2. What actions can be taken to improve product availability while reducing safety inventory? Impact of Supply Uncertainty on Safety Inventory In many practical situations, supply uncertainty also plays a significant role. Consider the case of the Dell assembly plant in Austin. Dell assembles computers to customer order. When planning the level of component inventory, Dell clearly has to take demand uncertainty into account.Suppliers, however, may not be able to deliver the components required on time for a variety of reasons. Dell must also account for this supply uncertainty when planning its safety inventories. The basic principle of textile is to spin textile fibers into yarn and weaving . Bales of cotton will be opened, mixed and then will be passed through the blow room line to remove dirt, foreign materials and to open the tufts of fibers and ultimately to produce regular lap by scutcher. The laps will pass through the carding machine to individualize the fibers and to remove dirt, neaps ;amp; short fibers and finally produces slivers.As and when necessary these slivers will pass through the lap former to produce comber laps. The laps will be fed to the combing machine to remove the maximum short fibers and ultimately to produce regular slivers. The combed slivers will pass through the drawing frame, where doubling and drafting will be done and will produce regular sliver which will be fed to the simplex rime to produce roving and then ell be fed to the spinning frames where drafting and twisting will be done and will produce yarn in bobbin form. Finally, heat setting of yarn will be done, before coning.Thereafter, individual cones will be wrapped in polythene packing in paper cartons ( 100 lb. each carton) and sent to the market. In rotor card sliver will be feed to the draw frame 1st and 2nd passage after that final drawing sliver will be feed to the rotor frame and in rotor frame drafting and twisting will be done and finally yarn will be wind in cone form these cone will be delivered to knitting section 50% will be sold out. Figure: Flow chart for producing yarns at ATM Enterprises need to schedule activities necessary for production, testing, packaging and preparation for delivery.This is also the most metric-intensive portion of the supply chain so quality levels, production output and worker productivity have to be measured. 4. 13: Spare Parts and machinery used By ATM for yarn production To produce the export yarn the following Spare Parts and m/c s are mainly used by ATM SL| Name of section| Machine and spare parts specification| Quantity| 01| Blow room | Foreign Fiber Detector| 1. Nos| | 02| Carding| Taken in under Casing Segment and Stationary Flat| 14. Nos| | 03| Carding| Stripping Roller For Flats| 14. Nos| | 4| Simplex| Simplex Saddle Spring SKF Germany| 1000 Nos| | 05| Simplex| Simplex PVC Core Cots (Beveled) Size: 1 D = 19 mm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0 D = 28 mm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Length = 39 mm| 1800 Nos| | 06| Simplex| Spacer White and Green Original SKF| 500+500=1000 Nos| | 07| Simplex| Flyer Presser For FL 16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ( 108 Spindle)| 100 Nos| | 08| Ring| Cot Irradiation Machine( U. V Treatment)| 1 Nos| | 09| Finishing| Yarn Conditioner micHeat Salting| 1 Nos| | 10| Quality Control| H V I / H F I Mic( For Fiber Testing)| 1 Nos| | 11| Quality| Twist Tester| 1 Nos| | 2. | Weaving| Power loom| 150| | 4. 14: Textile Yarn Construction Yarn count, yarn ply and yarn construction interrelate to form the characteristics of yarn. Yarn construction is classified as: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simple/ conventional yarns are two or more simple single yarns plied or twisted together. They are referred to as two three, four, five or six ply yarn. Size and number of plies may be changed for different weaves or fabric structures. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Complex/Novelty Yarns are single or plied yarn structures characterized by international introduced irregularities in size and twist effects.The irregularities of novelty yarns may be uniform. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Metallic Yarns produced by lacquering aluminum pigment or by laminating aluminum foil between layers of plastic. Since metallic yarns are flat rather than round as most other man- made fiber yarns, the size of the yarn is specified in  inches. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Textured Yarns are the end result of physical, chemical o r thermal manipulation of fibers and yarns so that they are no longer straight or uniform. The manipulation process of textured yarns results in the modification and altering of the arrangement of fiber and yarn. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stretch Yarns may be applied to yarns by chemical or mechanical methods. Not all methods or fibers will achieve equality effective stretch properties. 4. 15: Discussion on new spinning systems Open-End Rotor spinning: The most successful of the new spinning systems is open end rotor spinning which is now termed as conventional spinning system. The success of rotor spinning is due to the increase of its productivity. Advantage of rotor spinning: 1. Lower labor cost 2. Less power consumption 3. Cheaper raw material 4. Larger package size 5. Higher productivity, because of higher speed 6.Elimination of roving, no use of simplex m/c 7. easy handling Wrap spinning: The wrap or hollow spindle spinning system uses the tecjmoque of wrapping, a continuous filament yarn round a central core of parallel staple fiber and this system can be used for both short and long staple. Wrap spinning is considered as complementary to the ring and not a complete replacement. It is suitable for coarse count up to 30s. Friction spinning: The basic principle of friction spinning is that it is an opening system, the fibers are carried with an air flow forward the collecting area between two friction surfaces.Friction spinning, like air jet spinning is limited in practice by the yarn quality. Finer count yarn produced in friction spinning than ring or Rotor spinning with comparatively production level. 4. 16: Textile Yarn finishing system ATM Yarn finishing starts after Ring till transfer to finished store For Hank form  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For cone form Figure: Process sequence of fini shing 4. 17: Weaving and dyeing: Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.The other methods are knitting, lace making and felting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. The method in which these threads are inter woven affects the characteristics of the cloth. Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill.Woven cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic designs. As the final product of ATM is Lungi , it follows very easy method to complete the production process. 1500 shuttle and 250 shuttles-less weavin g machine is used in weaving cotton gray and madras check fabric. Weaving back process Yarn –dying, sizing, checking design included to speed up and quality control. It produce two types of lungi. First type needs not to dyeing because it’s color is determined by yarn color. That means this type of Lungi’s color is automated by the color.The second type of Lungi need dying. Because, it is made from the fabric. The fabric needs dying. Dyeing: Modern overflow and Jet dyeing machinery is used in latest rotary and flat bed printing process. 200000 y ds per week production capacity is running at 90% efficiency. Also traditional batik print is its specialty. 4. 18: Problems occurring in SCM and remedial measures of ATM: According to the second and third objective of the study, there is a discussion here about problems and remedial measures of SCM of ATM faced by the various participants in the factory.Actually, problems occur in different sector of activities and the remedial measures are suggested by the various participants work in the sectors concern. These are narrated in below. Yarn Faults Some commonly occurring yarn faults and the methods of controlling them are as follows: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slubs: Slubs are fish shaped thick places from 1 cm. to 4 cm. long and about 5-8 times larger than the average yarn diameter at the thickest portion. Slubs formed earlier stages due to poor drafting would get substantially elongated during I ring frame drafting and would get appear as slubs in the yarn.It  can be controlled in carding stage and then Ring frame. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cracders: Crackers are short coil-like places in the yarn. Cracker occurs frequently in polyester or polyester-cotton yarns. Remedial steps: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase top arm pressure 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use large diameter and narrow width top rollers 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ensure that the traverse motion functions properly 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of wider apron spacers 5)     Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase breaks draft 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reduce twist in roving 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wider back zone setting 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of heavier traveler 9)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Avoid stopping of ring frames. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Spinner’s doubles: This fault consists of the yarn becoming double in its thickest at some portions. Causes: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rove from an inter bobbin in the creel at ring frame going along with the neighboring end. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ring frame tenter permitting doubled rove to be fed into the drafting system at the time of replacing a near empty inter bobbin in the creel. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The strand issuing from the front rollers at ring frames going along with an adjacent end on the ring bobbin. Remedy: The ring frame tenter should be trained to replace the creel bobbin with a roper piecing of the rove and not by letting the fresh rove overlap with the in going rove at the feed. To transfer the lap from the lap pin to a lap rod to suitab ly handle and feed it to the subsequent m/c (carding) Action of Blow Room Line: 1. Action of opposing spikes 2. Action of air currents 3. Action of beaters 4. Regulating Action Wastage in Blow Room: 1. Droppings 2. Dust 3. Filter waste Faults in Blow: 1. Irregular lap 2. Knocking off before completion of full lap 3. Rough appearances of full lap 4. Lap sheet thicker at one side than at the others 5. Soft lap 6. Lap licking 7. Droppings under beater ;amp; grid bars. . Formation of conical lap 9. Formation of conical lap 10. Barrel shaped lap 11. Ragged lap selvedges. Types of Beater in Blow room: 1. Porcupine beater 2. Bladed beater l 3. Krishna beater Carding: Objects of carding m/c: 1. To open the tuft of fibers 2. To make the fibers parallel ;amp; straight 3. To remove remaining trash particles 4. To remove short fibers 5. To remove naps 6. To produce a rove like fiber called sliver, which is uniform in per unit length Main actions of carding machine: 1. Action between feed roller ;amp; taker 2. Action between taker in and cylinder 3. Action between cylinder and flat . Action between cylinder and doffer Useful sliver hanks of different counts: Count of yarn:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   20s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   32s,  Ã‚  Ã‚   40s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   60s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   80s Hank of carded sliver:  Ã‚  Ã‚   0. 125,  Ã‚   0. 125,   0. 13,  Ã‚   0. 135,   0. 145,   0. 165 Wastage in carding: 1. Taker in waste 2. Flat strip 3. Motes ;amp; flies 4. Sliver cut 5. Filter waste Draw Frame: Objects of draw frame 1. Straightening of crimped and hooked fibers 2. Paralleling of fibers 3. to produce more uniform of sliver of definite wt. / yd 4. To reduce the wt. /yard of materials fed. 5. To make perfect blending / mixing of the component fibersWastage in Draw frame 1. Filter waste 2. Clearer waste 3. Sliver cut Comber: Objects of Comber 1. To remove the fibers shorter than a predetermined length 2. To remove remaining impurities in the comber lap 3. To remove naps in the carded sliver. 4. To make the fibers more parallel and straight 5. To produce a uniform sliver of required per unit length. Necessity of Combing: 1. Clean fiber 2. Uniformity in length of fiber 3. Absence of naps 4. More parallel arrangement of fibers 5. Straight fibers The above quality of fibers can only be obtained by combing. Speed Frame: Objects of Speed frame: 1.Attenuation of draw sliver to a suitable size for spinning 2. To insert a small amount of twist to strengthen the roving 3. To wind the twisted strand roving into a bobbin Operation involved in speed frame: 1. Drafting 2. Twisting 3. Laying out 4. Winding 5. Building motion Winding: If spinning tension is grater than yarn strength in Ring frame, then end breakage is occurred and also due to roller lapping A. Technological causes B. Mechanical causes A. Technological causes: 1. Insufficient twist in yarn 2. If travelers fly off. 3. Subbing thr ough 4. Stretched roving 5. Faulty drafting roller setting 6.Faulty Traveler selection 7. Excessive yarn tension 8. Improper atmospheric conditions B. Mechanical Causes: 1. Faulty drafting system 2. Worn out ring and traveler 3. Faulty gear and wheels 4. Worn out top rollers 5. Faulty apron 6. Spindle vibration 7. Eccentric ring Remedy: Both the Technical and Mechanical causes should be taken into account and be careful while winding. Chapter Five: Summary This chapter will discuss about some recommendations to conclude the study. According to the last objective of the study, it is needed to design a conclusion providing some recommendation to solve the problems identified.In former portion of the study, some problems are shown regarding the SCM activities of the ATM. Some recommendation are narrated in below- 5. 1: RECOMMENDATIONS I have found a fewer number of factors, which impede the achievement of ultimate goals of Alaudding Textile (pvt. ) Mills Limited. It is not easy to find out the solution by only three months internship. But it can be said that the suggestions mentioned below will obviously increase the efficiency of ATM Limited. 1. Shippers must ship the consignment of cotton within the stipulated date as mentioned in the Letter of credit.Delay in shipment shall be entertained without prior approval of the buyer for extension of shipment date. 2. Government should reduce tax and tariff on Textile spares, Textile dyes, Chemical and sizing materials. 3. A committee be formed with members from various importing and exporting countries to review the existing rules and procedures and suggest reformulation of mew rules due to changes that are being taken place in World Trade. 4. Arbitration Board to be reconstituted with members from buyers and sellers country and one to be inducted on the recommendation of ICA. . Arbitration to be held in the country of buyer. 6. Compensation to be paid due to supply of inferior quality cotton should be fixed on the bas is of nominal rate fixed by ICA from time to time. 7. Membership fees should be reduced to attract more individual members. 8. The Spinning sector offers lower interest rate on long term and working capital. 9. The compensation as well the benefit package will restrain the employees to leave their assignment and go for any employee movement for higher benefit packages. 0. The Sector should prosper in a situation of political stability and a congenial business environment. Political turmoil and the disturbance are bad for the economy and so also for us. So, Proper steps should be taken by the government to keep this sector free from politics. Finally, the project should be equipped with world’s modern and latest machinery and  Ã‚  Ã‚  technology to cope with the pace in harmony with modern textile world. The Company should situate at a high land where less record of flood.The factory building should have strong RCC foundation, RCC floor, pre-fabricated steel structure to wit hstand wind, storm, rain etc. along with good drainage facility. 5. 2: Conclusion Sophisticated technology and high thought laboratories have been introduce in the production process, which brought new dimension in the purchasing, procuring, storing and maintaining supplies and inventories. The improved transportation and communication as well as competitors threat has made the issue more challenging and competitive. Thus, the usage and need for supply chain management are increasing dramatically.Further, global competitions require the companies’ continuous response to the customer with new products and replace those that become obsolescence, for these reason companies are combating to find new suppliers and building strong and long-term relationship with them. Hence, managers must have to very rational, logical and sensitive in designing and implementing proper supply chain management in order fight and compete against competitors and attaining organizational goals. Before selecting a supplier, a firm must decide whether it will use single sourcing or will have multiple suppliers from which to source the product.Single sourcing is used to guarantee the supplier sufficient business when the supplier has to make a significant buyer-specific investment. Once suppliers have been select, contracts have to be structured between the buyer and each supplier. Supply chains can influence demand by using pricing and other forms of promotion. Marketing and sales often make the promotion and pricing decisions and they typically make them with the objective of maximizing revenue. Pricing decisions based on revenue considerations often result in a decrease in overall profitability Chapter six: Reference References:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Krajewski and Ritzman, Operations Management- strategy and analysis, 6th Edition ? Sunil Chopra, and Peter Meindl, Supply Chain Management- strategy, planning and operation, 2nd Edition ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Khan ;amp; jain(20 04), Financial Management-text ;amp; Problem,3rd edition, p. g 4. 1-4. 57 ? Prospectus of ATM, published on 18 September-2008. ?   http://www. itwm. fraunhofer. de/zentral/download/berichte/bericht26. pdf. ?   http://bgmea. com. bd/index. php? option=com_content;amp;task=view;amp;id=12;amp;Itemid=26 ? www. atmbd. com prospectus ?   http://66. 102. 1. 104/scholar? hl=en;amp;lr=;amp;q=cache:OKTGNo7eptwJ:unnayan. rg/Solidarity_Forum/Spinning_the_Chain_Lost_in_the_Queue. pdf+spinning+sector+of+Bangladesh Chapter Seven: Bibliography 7. 1: Bibliography A research was conducted in Makson Spinning mills Ltd by Student of BRAC University in Bangladesh:Prospectus of MSML, published on 18 September-2008 By  Abu Zafour : Problems and Prospect of Garments Industry in Bangladesh (Part-7) Published 19 October 2009. By Kazi Anwarul Masud: istudy of Bangladesh Economy- Problems ;amp; Prospects with garments and textile industries- Part II on march 2010, the economic philosophy of textile ind ustries in Bangladesh.Draft final report on the situation of Bangladesh silk Industry-By The dyeing and finishing. Graham Heaslip: Strategy, Planning and Operation of textile Industries (School of Business and Humanities) 2007. Ning Cao, Zhiming Zhang, Chester To and Roger Ng : â€Å"Supply Chain Management Practice and Competitive Advantage in Textile and Apparel Industries† (Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) Pankage Chandra: â€Å"The Textile and Apparel Industry in Indian,† in The Oxford Companion to Economics in India, 2007. Professor of Operations ;amp; Technology Management)Manufacturing management; Supply chain coordination; Building technological capabilities; Hi-tech entrepreneurship in his research. Prof. Atanu Ghosh : â€Å"Supply Chain for the Apparel Industry – Some Tips†Ã‚  was  published in RETAIL e-LETTER of the Retail Vision Group, Issue No. 21, 20th November 2003. Regarding textile industries SCM practices. Stanton, J, Willian, Michael J Etzel ;amp; Bruce J Walker, Fundamentals of Marketing, McGrow Hill, intentional Book Company, London. Chapter Eight: Appendices Questionnaire for the members participating in inbound activitiesDear Sir, I am a student of BBA program, Rajshahi University, is undertaking an academic internship program on the topic -â€Å"Supply chain management of ATM Pvt. Ltd. : A critical analysis† for this I need your sincerely co-operation in filling the following questionnaire, I assure that the information provided by you will be kept confidential anonymous and will be used for academic purpose only. Please give your agreement about flowing question carefully and give your answer. 1. What is the SCM system in this company? 2. What is the SCM managing policy? 3. What is the importance of IT in SCM in textile? . What is raw material used by ATM? Types of raw material? 5. Import of raw material. 6. How do you select suppliers and who are the supplie rs? 7. Which are Banks involved in Import? 8. Process of raw material. 9. Is there any Safety management in production? If, yes, how? 10. Spare parts used in production 11. How is yarn constructed by this company? 12. Spinning system of this mill. 13. Weaving system of this mill. 14. Does Company maintain a good working environment? If yes why? 15. Does the company timely pay salary? 16. Inter-communication system among the department of the company. 7. Are all the SCM members co-operating to each other? 18. All the SCM members are contributing in creating companies goodwill. 19. Supplier supply materials properly. 20. Is Storage capacity of the company enough? 21. Does Company maintain proper inventory management? 22. Does The Company train the SCM members in adapting new equipment? 23. Are you satisfied about the company’s performance? Questionnaire for customer Dear Sir, I am a student of BBA program, Rajshahi University, is undertaking an academic internship program on th e topic -â€Å"Supply chain management of ATM Pvt.Ltd. : A critical analysis† for this I need your sincerely co-operation in filling the following questionnaire, I assure that the information provided by you will be kept confidential anonymous and will be used for academic purpose only. (Please indicate your satisfaction level about companies’ activities. ) 1. How much satisfied about companies’ communication system? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 2. What is your opinion about price of the product? ) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 3. Satisfaction level about quality maintaining of the company. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 4. Satisfaction level of product delivery time. i) Ve ry dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 5. Providing transportation facilities of the company is? ) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 6. How much satisfied about compensation of defect product claim Maintaining? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 7. Customer and company co-relationship level is? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 8.Supply of product in the market is? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 9. Satisfaction about the availability Product varieties in market? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisf ied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 10. Satisfaction level regarding order receiving system. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied